What's New in Neurofeedback
A Monthly Summary of News and Events

Vol. 7 No. 6 - June 2004

This newsletter is sponsored by EEG Spectrum Intl, Inc.,
a leader in providing clinical service and training professionals.
Past issues available at http://start.eegspectrum.com/Newsletter/
To subscribe or cancel, see newsletter's end. Opinions related in
this newsletter reflect the author's only. Copyright (C) 2004
by EEG Spectrum Intl, Inc. or David Kaiser. All rights reserved.
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Announcements - News
In the Spotlight - 75 Years of EEG Investigation
News & Reviews - Books & journal papers
Events & Locations - Conferences, Courses
Last Word - QEEG Research: Who, where, and what

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Announcements - News

Brain Waves Show Differences in Stutterers
Small Kids Have Better Memories Than Parents-Study
Studies Say Diet Can Affect Brain Health
Not All Brain Connections Are the Same
Brain Chemical Linked to Teen Suicides in Study
Mother-child bond identified
Researchers use brain activity as marketing tool, obesity clue
Brain reacts differently to beauty, displeasure, loneliness

All links at:
http://news.yahoo.com/fc?tmpl=fc&cid=34&in=science&cat=brain_research
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In the Spotlight

Seventy-five Years of EEG Investigation

The field of cognitive neuroscience is said to have begun last
decade ago with the advances in magnetic resonance imaging, but EEG
has been providing psychiatrists and neurologists functional
correlates since the 1930s. Like all imaging techniques,
quantitative EEG required computer advances before blooming; and it
wasn't until the mid-1960s until a reasonably quick method of
computing spectral magnitudes (fast fourier transform, or FFT) was
developed and the promise of this technique took stride. Prior to
this, even with only eyeballs and rulers, important conclusions were
made using EEG for a variety of conditions. Below is a list of the
earliest research paper for each disorder. FIRST PAPERS IN TOPIC
(and approximate years of research):

Animal EEG: 1875 (125 years)
Human EEG 1929 (75)
Fourier analysis of EEG: 1932 (70)
Children: 1932 (70)
In English: 1934 (70)
Sleep: 1935 (70)
Aviation: 1941 (65)
Military: 1942 (60)
Disorders

Epilepsy: 1933 (70)
Schizophrenia: 1937 (65)
Narcolepsy: 1939 (65)
Migraine: 1941 (60)
Alcoholism: 1941 (60)
OCD: 1947 (55)
Anxiety: 1948 (55)
Brain Injuries

Head injury: 1931 (70)
Frontal lobotomy: 1936 (65)
Mental deficiency: 1937 (65)
Brain lesions: 1938 (65)
Tremor: 1941 (60)
Concussion: 1942 (60)
Multiple sclerosis: 1944 (60)
Behavior problems

Stuttering: 1936 (55)
Conduct disorder: 1937 (55)
Aggression: 1942 (60)
Delinquency: 1943 (60)
Misc.

Heredity: 1934 (70)
Hypnosis: 1936 (65)
Consciousness: 1937 (65)
Personality: 1938 (65)
Deafness: 1941 (60)
Pregancy: 1942 (60)
Operant conditioning: 1969 (35)
Citations are below:

First EEG paper (in animals): Caton R (1875). The electric currents
of the brain. British Medical Journal, 2, 278.

First human EEG paper: Berger H. (1929). Ueber das
Elektroenkephalogramm des Menschen. Archiv für Psychiatrie und
Nervenkrankheiten, 87, 527-570.

First to use fourier analysis: Dietsch, G. (1932). Fourier-analyse
von Elektrenkephalogrammen des Menschen. Pflüger's Arch. Ges.
Physiol., 230, 106-112.

Children: Berger, H. (1932). Über das Elektren-kephalogramm des
Menschen. Fünfte Mitteilung. (Fifth Report) Archiv für Psychiatrie
und Nervenkrankheiten, 98, 231-254.

First EEG paper in English: Adrian ED & Matthews BHC (1934). The
interpretation of potential waves in the cortex. Journal of
Physiology, 81, 440-471. (and same year: Adrian E & Mathews BHC
(1934). The Berger Rhythm. Brain, 57, 355-385.)

Aviation [beat me by nearly 50 years]: Minderman E (1941). Pilots
tested by brain wave analysis. Medical Records, 153, 292.

Military service: Harty JE, Gibbs EL & Gibbs FA (1942). An EEG study
of 274 candidates for military service, Journal of nervous mental
disease, 96, 435-440.

Epilepsy: Berger (1933) and F.A. Gibbs, H. Davis and W.G. Lennox.
(1935). The electro-encephalogram in epilepsy and in conditions of
impaired consciousness. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 34,
1133-1148.

Sleep: Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart GA (1935). Potential rhythms of
the cerebral cortex during sleep. Science, 81, 597-598.

Alcoholism: Davis PA, Gibbs FA, Davis H, Jetter WW, & Trowbridge LS.
(1941). The effects of alcohol upon the electroencephalogram (brain
waves). Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1, 626-637.

Migraine: Strauss H & Selinsky H. (1941). EEG changes in patients
with migrainous syndrome. Transactions of the American Neurological
Assoc., 67, 205-208.

Narcolepsy: Janzen R. (1939). Hiernbioelektrische Untersuchungen
uber den physiologischen Schlaf und den Schlaganfall bei Kranken mit
genuiner Narkolepsie. Deutsch. Z. Nervenheilk. 149, 93-106.

Head injury: Berger (1931) and Jasper HH, Kershman J, & Elvidge AR
(1940). EEG studies of injury to the head. Archives of Neurology and
Psychiatry, 44, 328-348.

Frontal lobotomy (sign of the times): Marinesco G, Sager O, &
Kreindler A (1936). Etudes EEG: EEG chez une malade avec extirpation
du lobe frontal. Bulletin of Acad Med, 115, 873-877.

Brain lesions: Case TJ & Bucy PC (1938). Localization of cerebral
lesions by EEG. Journal of Neurophysiology, 1, 245-261.

Tremor: Lindquist T. (1941). Finger tremor and alpha waves on the
EEG. Acta Med Scand., 108, 580-585.

Concussion: Anderson EW (1942). Psychiatric syndromes following
blast, Journal of Mental Science, 88, 328-340.

Multiple sclerosis: Hoefer PFA & Guttman SA (1944). The EEG in
multiple sclerosis. Transactions of the American Neurological
Assoc., 70, 70-73.

Heredity: Perkins FT. (1934) Genetic study of cerebral action
currents. Science, 79, 418.

Aggression: Gibbs FA, Bloomberg W & Bagchi BK (1942). An EEG study
of adult criminals. Transactions of the American Neurological
Assoc., 68, 87-90

Delinquency: Jenkins RL & Pacella BL (1943). EEG studies of
delinquent boys, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 13, 107-120.

Hypnosis: Loomis AL, Harvey EN, & Hobart G (1936). Brain potentials
during hypnosis. Science, 83, 239.

Personality: Gottlober AB (1938). The relationship between brain
potentials and personality. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22,
67-74.

Consciousness: Travis LE (1937). Brain potentials and the temporal
course of consciousness, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 21,
302-309.

Stuttering: Travis LE & Knott JR. (1936). Brain potentials from
normal speakers and stutterers. Journal of Psychology, 2, 137-150.

Schizophrenia: Travis LE & Malamud W (1937). Brain potentials from
normal subjects, stutterers, and schizophrenics. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 93, 927-936. and, Hoagland H (1937). Encephalography in
schizophrenia. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 39, 210-213.

Behavior problems in children: Solomon P, Jasper HH & Braley C.
(1937). Studies in behavior problem children. American Neurology and
Psychiatry, 38, 1350-1351.

Mental deficiency: Kreezer G & Smith FW (1937). Brain potentials in
the hereditary type of mental deficiency. Psychological Bulletin,
34, 535-536.

OCD: Rockwell FV & Simons DJ (1947). The electroencephalogram and
personality organization in the obsessive-compulsive reactions.
Archive of Neurology and Psychiatry, 57, 71-77.

Anxiety: Schipp E, Dugan P, Kennard MA, & Welsh L. (1948). Effects
of pathological anxiety in childhood on EEG and conditioned PGR.
American Psychologist, 3, 371.

Pregancy: Gibbs FA & Reid DE (1942). The EEG in pregnancy. American
Journal of Obstetrics, 44, 672-675.

Deafness: Bagchi BK (1941). The brain potentials of the deaf and
dumb. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 591.

Operant conditioning: Kamiya J, Callaway E, Yeager CL. (1969).
Visual evoked responses in subjects trained to control alpha
rhythms. Psychophysiology, 5, 683-95

The above doesn't include the numerous physiological investigations
into vision, sensory stimulation, electrical stimulation, effects of
drugs like anticonvulsants and anaesthetics, anoxia,
hyperventilation, cardiovascular, blood sugar, animal research, etc.

In all, functional neuroimaging has a 75 year history with over
250,000 peer reviewed papers to its name (fMRI has the majority,
125,000 papers published since its inception, EEG 87,000, PET
33,000, SPECT 17,000, and MEG or magnetoencephalography 3,500.
Seventy-five years and computers are just now allowing the most
pertinent and thorough investigations into the mind.

-DK

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News & Reviews

NEW BOOKS

The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography
by Larry Squire
Short autobiographies of 17 neuroscientists, including four Nobel
Laureates. --www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0126603014/top100

The Enchanted Loom: Chapters in the History of Neuroscience
by Pietro Corsi
History of neuroscience.
--www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195066464/top100

I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self
by Rodolfo R. Llinás
Author posits our awareness as an artifact of the cortico-thalamic
binding of perceptions and movements in synchrony.
--www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0262122332/top100

Dreaming as Delirium: How the Brain Goes Out of Its Mind
by J. Allan Hobson
Controversial theory of consciousness in which the brain-mind is not
fixed but a dynamic balancing act between chemical systems that
regulate wakefulness and dreaming.
--www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0262581795/top100

Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior
by J. A. Scott Kelso
The human brain is a pattern-forming dynamical system, poised on the
brink of instability
--www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0262611317/top100

Wet Mind
by Stephen M. Kosslyn
Classic introduction to cognitive neuroscience
--www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/002917595X/top100



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JOURNAL PAPERS

Sex differences in developmental reading disability : Rates of
reading disability are 2 to 4 times higher in boys than girls.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15113820

PTSD arousal and increased right-sided parietal EEG asymmetry. :
Anxiety and right-sided posterior activation is specific to anxious
arousal subtype.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15122952

Gender differences in hemispheric organization during divergent
thinking: EEG : Results suggest different hemispheric organization
in men and women during creative thinking.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15158012

Trends in autism. : Prior to 1985, autism spectrum rates were 1 in
2,000; current US rates are 8 per 2,000; other countries surveyed.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15148861

EEG alpha power changes reflect response inhibition deficits after
TBI : TBI patients may be less capable of maintaining a state of
alpha desynchronization.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15147767

Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood :
Higher-order association cortices mature only after lower-order
somatosensory and visual cortices develop, and phylogenetically
older brain areas mature earlier than newer ones.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15148381

EEG spectral analysis of wakefulness and REM sleep in HA autism :
Frontal atypicalities were found along with EEG evidence of abnormal
visuoperceptual functioning.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15134704

Relative left-frontal activity in increased depression in high
reassurance-seekers. : Stable relative right-frontal activity was
associated with increased depression in low reassurance-seekers,
while the opposite pattern was found in high reassurance-seekers.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15130529

Sex and estrogen influence drug abuse. : Females seem to be more
sensitive to rewarding effects of drugs than males, perhaps due to
estrogen differences.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15120494

LORETA study of unmedicated males with depression. : Left anterior
functional hypoactivation during challenge was indicative of
depression. Also, spatial challenge best separated depressed from
controls.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15033188

Self-reported psychopathology in polydrug users. : Most polydrug
exhibited higher anxiety symptoms although most were unworried by
such symptoms, either due to a lack of self-awareness or acceptance
of them as part of their substance use.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15107188

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Events & Locations

Upcoming Courses

A Pathway to Brain Regulation - Neurofeedback helps improve
neuroregulation. It's used by health care professionals for ADHD,
depression, anxiety disorders, LD, mood disorders, and behavioral
problems. This 4-day course, Neurofeedback in a Clinical Practice,
provides the basis for using Neurofeedback clinically. - *28 CEs

4-Day Comprehensive Course Dates


Portland OR Sep 18-21
Boston MA Oct 14-17
Raleigh NC Nov 11-14
Los Angeles CA Dec 9-12

Our course is a hands-on experience right from the start. Attendees
consistently say this format is a very good way to learn
Neurofeedback.

"Neurofeedback should be viewed as one of the three essential or
primary forms of intervention - psychotherapy, psychopharmacology,
and Neurofeedback. In my experience, Neurofeedback is every bit as
important and powerful as the other two forms of treatment." - Dr.
Laurence Hirshberg of Brown University Medical School, a
psychologist specializing in Developmental Disorders and Autism.

Contact Karie Kramer, our training coordinator, for more information
818-789-3456 ext 847 or see www.eegspectrum.com/ Training

*EEG Spectrum International, Inc. is approved by the APA to offer
continuing education to psychologists. ESII maintains responsibility
for the program.

CONFERENCE LOCATION DATES
iSNR Ft Lauderdale Aug 26-29
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Last Word

QEEG Research: Who, where, and what

The following is a selected list of institutions where peer reviewed
quantitative EEG (QEEG) research was performed and published in the
last decade alone..

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
Beijing Medical University, China.
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
Columbia University
Free University of Berlin, Germany.
Fukui Medical School, Japan.
Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
Glasgow University, UK
Grand Valley State University
Harvard Medical School, Boston
Indiana University
Institute for Mental Health, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
Johns Hopkins University
Kanazawa University, Japan.
Kansai Medical University.
Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Louisiana State University
Lund University, Sweden.
Max-Planck-Institut
Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Japan
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
Neurologische Universitatsklinik
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
New York University
Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
Ohio State University, Columbus
Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.
Pamukkale University
Peking University, Beijing
Psychiatric University Hospital Munich
Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary.
Seoul National University, Korea.
St. Peter's University, New Brunswick, NJ
Technical University, Dresden, Germany
Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Temple University Health Sciences Center
Trondheim University Hospital, Norway.
Tufts University, Boston
Tulane University
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City
Universita degli Studi La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Universita di Bari, Italy.
Universita di Firenze, Italy.
Universitat Erlangen
Universitat Wurzburg.
Universite de Montreal, Quebec
University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway.
University of Arizona, Tucson
University of California, Irvine
University of California, Los Angeles
University of Connecticut
University of Dundee, Scotland
University of Genoa, Italy
University of Houston, TX
University of Iowa, Iowa City
University of Kuopio, Finland
University of Kuopio, Finland.
University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
University of Louisville, KY
University of Lund, Sweden.
University of Mainz, Germany.
University of Mersin, Turkey
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
University of Minnesota
University of Munich, Germany.
University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
University of Naples, Italy
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte
University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
University of Padova, Italy
University of Pisa, Italy.
University of Pittsburgh, PA
University of Pretoria, South Africa.
University of Siena, Italy.
University of South Florida
University of Southern California, Los Angeles
University of Texas Southwestern
University of Turin, Italy
University of Utah, Salt Lake City
University of Vienna, Austria.
University of Wollongong, Australia
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Washington State University
Yale University
Yokohama City University, Japan


Here is a selected list of countries where QEEG research is ongoing:

Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
China
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Norway
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Turkey
U.K.
USA
Yugoslavia


Here are conditions and processes that were studied with QEEG during
the last decade

ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Adolescent Behavior
Affect
Age, Aged, Aging
Aggression
AIDS, HIV, & AIDS Dementia Complex
Alcoholism
Altitude Sickness
Alzheimer Disease
Amphetamine-Related Disorders & other drug-related disorders
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Anesthesia & Intraoperative Monitoring
Anticonvulsants
Antidepressants
Antiparkinson Agents
Antipsychotic Agents
Anxiety, Panic attacks, & Phobias
Apraxias
Atrophy
Attention
Auditory Cortex, Pathways, & Perception
Autistic Disorder
Biofeedback
Blood Flow Velocity, Glucose, and Pressure
Brain Chemistry
Brain Injuries, Concussion, Damage
Brain Ischemia
Caffeine
Carbon Monoxide
Cerebellar Diseases
Cerebrovascular Accident and Disorders
Child Abuse
Chronic Disease
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Circadian Rhythm, Activity Cycles & Wakefulness
Cognition
Cognitive Disorders
Coma
Consciousness
Contingent Negative Variation
Coronary Disease
Delirium
Dementia
Depersonalization
Developmental Disabilities
Diabetes
Down Syndrome
Drug Interactions & Resistance
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Electrocardiography
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Encephalitis
Enuresis
Epilepsy, Seizures, & Status Epilepticus
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Evoked Potentials
Eye Movements
Fragile X Syndrome
Geriatric Psychiatry
Hallucinations & Hallucinogens
Headache & Migraine
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Hypnosis & Suggestion
Hypothyroidism
Hypoxia
Immune Complex Diseases
Impulsive Behavior & Impulse Control Disorders
Infancy
Intelligence
Kinetics
Laterality
Learning Disorders
Lyme Disease
Memory & Memory Disorders
Meningitis
Mood Disorders, Depressive disorders, Bipolar disorder
Movement & Gait Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis
Neuronal Plasticity
Nicotine
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Occupational Diseases & Exposures
Pain, Measurement & Threshold
Parkinson Disease
Perceptual Disorders
Personality & Temperament
Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics
Photic Stimulation
Placebos
Pregnancy & Complications
Psychometrics
Psychomotor Performance
Psychotherapy
Psychotropic Drugs
Quality of Life
Radiation Injuries
Recovery of Function
Respiratory Mechanics
Restless Legs Syndrome
Rett Syndrome
Schizophrenia & Psychoses
Sedatives
Sensation Disorders
Sensory Deprivation & Thresholds
Serotonin
Severity of Illness
Sex Characteristics, Factors, & Bisexuality
Sleep, Deprivation, Disorders
Smoking Cessation
Social Behavior Disorders
Social Perception
Speech Disorders & Language Disorders
Stress
Stress Disorders, PTSD
Substance Abuse, Withdrawal Syndrome, & Temperance
Survivors
Tourette Syndrome
Treatment Outcome
Tremor
Twins
User-Computer Interface
Verbal Behavior & Writing
Vision & Visual Perception

Source: Medline

-DK

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