Progress and Challenges in the Behavioral Treatment of Autism
Association for Behavior Analysis
February 2 – 4, 2007
Boston Sheraton; Boston, MA

The diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a child presents
tremendous challenges for parents and educators. For several decades
applied behavior analysis has provided the conceptual and empirical
bases for designing and evaluating effective education and treatment
programs for children with autism. It has been estimated that more
than 550 articles have been published in the peer-reviewed literature
reporting socially significant improvements in communication skills,
social skills, academic skills, and adaptive functioning by children
with autism as a result of behaviorally-based interventions. As the
beneficial outcomes of behaviorally-based education and treatment have
been reported by the media, the number of agencies and individuals
offering "ABA services" for children with autism has grown
exponentially. Inaccuracies and misconceptions in the popular media
and in the professional literature about what applied behavior
analysis is or is not and what it can or cannot achieve make it
difficult for consumers and practitioners alike to separate fact from
fiction.

In response to this situation, The Association for Behavior Analysis
(ABA) is sponsoring the 2007 Autism Conference, Progress and
Challenges in the Behavioral Treatment of Autism, to be held at the
Sheraton Hotel in Boston on February 2-4, 2007. Planned with the
support of ABA's Autism and Parent Professional Partnership Special
Interest Groups, this conference will expose providers of home and
school-based behavior analysis services, parents and family members,
caregivers, researchers, teacher trainers and students to the most
current, scientifically validated information about behavior analysis
in autism treatment.

The single-track conference will feature twelve invited presentations
by prominent researchers and authorities on the treatment of autism:

Catherine Lord, Ph.D., University of Michigan
Autism in the 21st Century

Bobby Newman, Ph.D., BCBA, Room to Grow
Applied Behavior Analysis: What It Is and What It Isn't

Tristram Smith, Ph.D., University of Rochester Medical Center
What Has Behavior Analysis Contributed to the Understanding and
Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders?

Richard Foxx, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University
The Critical Importance of Science-Based Treatments for Autism

Mark Sundberg, Ph.D., BCBA, Sundberg and Associates
A Behavioral Approach to Language Assessment and Intervention for
Children with Autism

Marjorie Charlop-Christy, Ph.D., Claremont McKenna College & The
Claremont Autism Center
Social and Interpersonal Skills Interventions for Children with Autism

David Wacker, Ph.D., University of Iowa
Preventing and Reducing Challenging Behavior in Home Settings

David Celiberti, Ph.D., BCBA, Private Practice
ABA Programming in the Home: Characteristics of Quality Services
and Providers

Ilene Schwartz, Ph.D., University of Washington
Effective School-Based Programs for Children with Autism

David Test, Ph.D., University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Evidence-Based Practices for Helping Secondary Students with
Autism Transition Successfully to Adulthood

Richard Simpson, Ed.D., University of Kansas
Issues, Trends, and Scientifically-Based Practices for Children
and Youth with Asperger Syndrome

Mitchell Yell, Ph.D., University of South Carolina
Improving Outcomes for Students with Autism: The Individuals with
Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, Evidence-Based
Interventions, and Progress Monitoring

Abstracts of each presentation and biosketches of invited speakers are
available at http://www.abainternational.org/autconf/program.asp

The conference will also provide a forum for autism researchers to
share their recent work in two poster sessions.

The Georgia Department of Education's Special Education Advosory Panel
has a parent survey online which asks a wide variety of questions
about needs and services.  Parents are reportedly not asked names but
are asked the grade and county in which your child attends school.

This looks like an opportunity to make your voice heard at the State
Dept of Education level. Final date to submit survey is June 30, 2006.
  You can call Nancy O'Hara, Associate Director of the Divison of
Exceptional Students at the GA Dept of Education, at 404-656-3963 if
you have questions.

http://public.doe.k12.ga.us/DWQuestions.aspx?wid=32

From the Wrightslaw website:

Parents Prevail in ABA Case, Costs Could Exceed Hundreds of Thousands
of Dollars

On May 26, 2006, U. S. District Court Judge Robert Payne issued an
extensive pro-child decision in a tuition reimbursement case on behalf
of a child with autism. The judge found that the school system
knowingly and repeatedly failed to provide an appropriate educational
program for a young child with autism.

In awarding tuition reimbursement for a private school that employs
intensive one-on-one ABA therapy to educate children with autism, the
judge slammed the School Board for "inertia:"

"The Court finds that the School Board's conduct in this matter
reflects the inertia to which Congress was referring when it wrote in
the IDEA that 'the implementation of this chapter has been impeded by
low expectations, and an insufficient focus on applying replicable
research on proven methods of teaching and learning for children with
disabilities.'" 20 U. S. C. � 1400(c)(4). Henrico County School Board
v. R. T.

--- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "pokeypuppy333" <rwm@...> wrote:
>
> Hi!  I am a mom in N.GA with a 3 yr.old non-verbal son with Autism.
> I also have a 5 yr. old with Erbs Palsy and a noramlly developing 6
> yr. old.  Just wanted to join and see if I can learn anything to help
> my son.  ANd also for the support.  Just wondering ig anyone else is
> dealing with non-verbal tantruming and LOTS of frustration.  Thanks!
> Heather
>


Hi, Heather and welcome to the group!  I'm not a parent, but I work
with 3-5 year olds with autism and have worked with many kids that are
nonverbal, tantruming, and showing high levels of frustration.  So
often, the frustration is the cause for the tantrums because they can't
verbally communicate what their needs and wants are.  Have you tried
other modes of communication, such as PECS, sign language, augmentative
communication?  Establishing a consistent mode of communication will
make a world of difference for your child and your whole family.  I'll
be happy to give you more information if you want.  That's why this
group is here!  Feel free to email me if you any questions or need
resources.
Take care,
Halee Anderson

My son is 13 (14 in July) and has started biting himself when anxious.
He also screams out constantly, he even wakes up that way. It seems
like it is a stim to him. What can I do to help this? thanks

Hi:

 

My name is Renee and I have a 12 year old son with Asperger's.  I live in Cherokee county and am in the process of starting a ASD support group here.  It will begin in the fall after school starts back.

 

We will meet one morning and one evening each month to try to accomodate everyone.  We will meet at Reinforcement Unlimited in Woodstock.

 

If anyone has any suggestions or areas of interest, please contact me.  I will keep everyone up to date on my progress through this site.

 

Renee

---

Yahoo! Messenger with Voice. Make PC-to-Phone Calls to the US (and 30+ countries) for 2¢/min or less.

The typical age of diagnosis in the US for Autism (not ASDs) is around
3 years of age. A new study by Landa and Garrett-Mayer at Johns
Hopkins indicates that there are certain features including language
development, joint attention, and motor skills that can be used to
identify approximately 70% of infants who later qualify for a
diagnosis of Autism.  Cutting in half the age of identification could
lead to much earlier intervention and the research supports earlier
intervention as more likely to be significantly effective for the child.

Part of why you want early identification is based on the effects of
learning on the ongoing development of the brain.  "The brain
development isn't just engineered by your genetics. Your experience
plays a role in your outcome," Landa says. "So if a toddler isn't
attending to social cues and develops these patterns of behavior that
make it hard to engage with others, the child isn't getting learning
opportunities. It becomes a vicious cycle. We want to disrupt this
cycle, to teach children how to engage with objects in diverse ways.
We teach them to have joint interactions with people that are rewarding."

The CHAT, a device developed in the UK and used there by Home
Healthcare Nurses when they visit the home during routine well-child
visits and parent training visits for new parents, is intended for use
at 18 months.  The M-CHAT is an expanded American version of the
original CHAT from the U.K.(Baron-Cohen et al., 1992; 1996). The
M-CHAT has 23 questions using the original nine from the CHAT as its
basis.  I routinely take the CHAT or M-CHAT with me to Pediatricians
offices and review its use, utility, and research support with them
when asked to speak.  It can take a nurse about 3-5 minutes to
administer and is invaluable for early identification purposes.

-Robert W. Montgomery, Ph.D.
http://www.reinforcementunlimited.com

Landa, R. and Garrett-Mayer, E. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, June 2006; vol: 47 pp. 629-638.

I live in Cumming, Georgia and would like to meet other families
around my area that have a child or children with Autism. My son is 5
years old and is going to Extended School Year this summer and also
will be going to Developmentally Delayed Kindergarten this fall. I am
also a student going to school for Education.

Hugs

Jennifer

help i need help potty training my six year old austic
daughter. she has very little language and she can say
something and she will take you whatever she wants.
sometime she go to sleep early and get back up after 3
or 4 hr of sleep.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com

Autism Diagnoses Buried on Pediatricians' Back Burners

By Neil Osterweil, Senior Associate Editor, MedPage Today
Reviewed by Zalman S. Agus, MD; Emeritus Professor at the University
of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
May 11, 2006

BALTIMORE, May 11 — Autism's full spectrum is not often on the radar
screen of primary care pediatricians, and even when doctors are
thinking autism a proper diagnosis may take a year or more.

Those conclusions came from two studies published in the May 11
supplement to the April issue of the Journal of Developmental and
Behavioral Pediatrics.

In a study of eight-year-old children from the Atlanta area, CDC
researchers found that while the children were initially evaluated at
a mean age of four, they were not diagnosed with an autism spectrum
disorder until a mean of 5.1 years.

Some children were not evaluated or diagnosed until they were almost
nine years old, reported Catherine Rice, Ph.D., and colleagues from
the CDC and the Emory Autism Center.

The authors of the study did not investigate reasons for the 13-month
delay.

But in a separate study, researchers from Johns Hopkins here reported
that primary care pediatricians they surveyed said they were not
familiar with the screening instruments used, were reluctant to make
the diagnosis themselves and deferred instead to specialists, or
simply didn't have the time.

José Cordero, M.D., director of the CDC's National Center on Birth
Defects and Developmental Disabilities, said that although the Atlanta
survey is based on local data, "it serves as an important indicator of
the nationwide challenges of diagnosing autism, particularly more mild
cases.

"The real public health challenge is to educate doctors on the signs
of autism and to encourage use of standardized diagnostic instruments
that better identify symptoms relevant to autism spectrum disorder and
help distinguish autism spectrum disorder from other developmental
delays or disorder," he said.

The CDC researchers drew on data from the Metropolitan Atlanta
Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program 2000, a
population-based surveillance program.

They identified 115 eight-year-olds who were diagnosed with an autism
spectrum disorder, (autistic disorder, pervasive development disorder
not otherwise specified, or Asperger's syndrome).

They looked at the earliest age of evaluation and the earliest age of
diagnosis and type of initial autism spectrum disorder diagnosis,
evaluation sources that documented the first diagnosis, and the
characteristics of the professionals who assigned the diagnosis, and
the tools they used to reach their conclusions.

"We found that children with autism spectrum disorder identified by
the surveillance system were initially evaluated at a mean of 48
months but were not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder until a
mean age of 61 months," the authors wrote. "There were no differences
in timing of diagnosis based on sex or racial/ethnic classification,
although degree of impairment associated with ASD predicted mean age
at first evaluation and mean age at first ASD diagnosis."

They also found that most children (76%) were identified as having an
autism spectrum disorder in hospitals and clinics, although 24% of the
children did not receive a documented diagnosis until they started
school, at which time their developmental status was called into question.

Although children with more severe symptoms of autism were evaluated
and diagnosed nearly two years earlier than those with mild symptoms,
the average age of first evaluation for this subgroup was 3.5 years,
and the average age at diagnosis of a severe disorder was 4.5 years.
Yet research has shown that most parents of children with an autism
spectrum disorder reported concern about their children's development
before the children turn two years.

The researchers also found that among the healthcare professionals who
made the first diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder, 70% did not
used a standardized diagnostic instrument when they made the call.

The Johns Hopkins researchers, led by Susan dosReis, Ph.D., of the
division of child and adolescent psychiatry, surveyed primary care
pediatricians in Delaware and Maryland.

They found that among 255 eligible respondents, 82% said they
routinely screened for general developmental delays, but only 8%
screened for an autism spectrum disorder.

"The main reasons reported for not screening for autism spectrum
disorders were lack of familiarity with tools (62%), referred to a
specialist (47%), or not enough time (32%)," Dr. dosReis and
colleagues wrote.

"Most specialist referrals (77%) were to a developmental
pediatrician," the Johns Hopkins researchers added. "Most
pediatricians (71%) believed that autism spectrum disorder prevalence
has increased, and nearly all attributed this to changes in diagnostic
criteria and treatment."

The CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics have a joint campaign
called "Learn the Signs/Act Early'' that promotes the used of autism
spectrum disorder screening tools among general practice pediatricians
and other physicians.

dosReis S et al. "Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Management
Practices Among General Pediatric Providers." J Dev Behav Pediatr
27(2) Supplement 2:S88-S94

Further information is available at (http://www.firstsigns.org and
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/actearly/.

Hi!  I have an almost 3 year old son with autism.  He
was non-verbal a year ago, and we really stepped up
our interventions and he is now talking almost at the
level of his peers - so have hope!  We started with a
simple picture system a year ago to help him ask for
the basics - photos of his milk, crib, swing, etc. on
the fridge.  He would hand me the photo of the milk
when he was thirsty, which really reduced his
frustration level - he no longer had to scream to get
what he wanted.  If your son is non-verbal, keep
trying for the language but you may want to try
pictures just to help him with a way to communicate
until he can get some words.  It worked for us, and
did not interfere with his learning language at all.
If you have a speech therapist, ask them about the
PECS system to see if that helps.  I understand how
frustrating it is to hear your child scream - it will
get better!!


Amanda (Alex 2 1/2, and Tyler 12 months)


--- pokeypuppy333 <rwm@...> wrote:

> Hi!  I am a mom in N.GA with a 3 yr.old non-verbal
> son with Autism.
> I also have a 5 yr. old with Erbs Palsy and a
> noramlly developing 6
> yr. old.  Just wanted to join and see if I can learn
> anything to help
> my son.  ANd also for the support.  Just wondering
> ig anyone else is
> dealing with non-verbal tantruming and LOTS of
> frustration.  Thanks!
> Heather
>
>
>
>
>


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com

Welcome Heather! I just joined myself. Non-verbal sons I don't know
about, FRustration I know alot about! When my bipolar child has a
tantrum/meltdown I wish he was a little less verbal and didn't scorch my
ears with his name calling and filthy mouth.  Toni

pokeypuppy333 wrote:

>Hi!  I am a mom in N.GA with a 3 yr.old non-verbal son with Autism.
>I also have a 5 yr. old with Erbs Palsy and a noramlly developing 6
>yr. old.  Just wanted to join and see if I can learn anything to help
>my son.  ANd also for the support.  Just wondering ig anyone else is
>dealing with non-verbal tantruming and LOTS of frustration.  Thanks!
>Heather
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

Hi I also have a 3 year old that is basically nonverbal- we are in the process
of the autism part- but are pretty sure he is on the spectrum.  We had worse
tantrums and emotionality with our other child when he had no language and now
he is amazing - so maybe if you can get some language or signing you will have
less tantrums and less frustration = I feel your pain- as I try to tel myself -
stay strong as you are all they got and what in the world are you up so late
for- I know you can't sleep= I know!!! Me too- take care Mary

________________________________

From: opengaautism@yahoogroups.com on behalf of pokeypuppy333
Sent: Thu 6/1/2006 11:21 PM
To: opengaautism@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [opengaautism] Newbie here



Hi!  I am a mom in N.GA with a 3 yr.old non-verbal son with Autism.
I also have a 5 yr. old with Erbs Palsy and a noramlly developing 6
yr. old.  Just wanted to join and see if I can learn anything to help
my son.  ANd also for the support.  Just wondering ig anyone else is
dealing with non-verbal tantruming and LOTS of frustration.  Thanks!
Heather








Yahoo! Groups Links

Hi!  I am a mom in N.GA with a 3 yr.old non-verbal son with Autism.
I also have a 5 yr. old with Erbs Palsy and a noramlly developing 6
yr. old.  Just wanted to join and see if I can learn anything to help
my son.  ANd also for the support.  Just wondering ig anyone else is
dealing with non-verbal tantruming and LOTS of frustration.  Thanks!
Heather

Hi My name is Toni. I live in Putnam county Ga on Lake Sinclair. I
have 17 yo twin boys that were diagnosed with aspergers last year. One
is also bipolar, anxiety disorder,and ADHD, the other is OCD, anxiety
disorder and ADHD. They go to a private school and have just finished
testing by the ed. dept and we are awaiting the results. I requested
testing in Sept or Oct and it was finally done in April and May. I am
interested in connecting with others who deal with children on the
spectrum. Toni

Shauna,

It was a very positive meeting, and I'm encouraged by the "new
blood."  I'm confident that we can build some momentum.  We'll soon
summarize the notes from the meeting and distribute as a newsletter
to GABA members.  With regard to future meetings, David Glick
graciously agreed to host the next meeting at his home . . .  will
keep you posted on the date.

Coby

--- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "aurugby1" <autism24@...> wrote:
>
> I'm glad that the GABA chapter is getting restarted as well!! I
> couldn't be at ABA this year because my sister was getting married
> (I was so mad when I found out that the wedding was the same
> weekend!).  Anyway, I'd like to hear more about what was discussed
> at the GABA meeting and when/if there is going to be another
meeting.
>
> Shauna
>
> --- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "Robert W. Montgomery, Ph.D.,
> BCBA" <yahoo@> wrote:
> >
> > --- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "rdonlin1" <rdonlin1@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hello all!
> > >
> > > For those of you who attended the ABA conference in Atlanta,
> what did
> > > you most like about the conference?  I enjoyed seeing Mark
> Sunberg's
> > > rebuttle to Gina Green and David Celibert's panel addressing
> PBS.
> > > While I don't agree with all that was said, I preferred seeing
> people
> > > discuss these issues out in the public versus behind the
> scenes...any
> > > thoughts?
> > >
> > > Ruth
> > >
> >
> > Ruth,
> >
> > Thanks for joining!
> >
> > I was very encouraged to see that the Georgia ABA Chapter is
> > restarting and had a nice turnout at the organization meeting.  I
> > attended some symposia on ASDs and joint attention that were
> helpful.
> >  I also went to a workshop that had some good ideas for improving
> how
> > objectives are written.  David's PBS-ABA panel was great and I was
> > very encouraged to hear several of the leading figures in the PBS
> > movement talk so positively about ABA and that PSB is really a
> subset
> > of ABA.
> >
> > -Robert
> >
>

I'm glad that the GABA chapter is getting restarted as well!! I
couldn't be at ABA this year because my sister was getting married
(I was so mad when I found out that the wedding was the same
weekend!).  Anyway, I'd like to hear more about what was discussed
at the GABA meeting and when/if there is going to be another meeting.

Shauna

--- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "Robert W. Montgomery, Ph.D.,
BCBA" <yahoo@...> wrote:
>
> --- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "rdonlin1" <rdonlin1@> wrote:
> >
> > Hello all!
> >
> > For those of you who attended the ABA conference in Atlanta,
what did
> > you most like about the conference?  I enjoyed seeing Mark
Sunberg's
> > rebuttle to Gina Green and David Celibert's panel addressing
PBS.
> > While I don't agree with all that was said, I preferred seeing
people
> > discuss these issues out in the public versus behind the
scenes...any
> > thoughts?
> >
> > Ruth
> >
>
> Ruth,
>
> Thanks for joining!
>
> I was very encouraged to see that the Georgia ABA Chapter is
> restarting and had a nice turnout at the organization meeting.  I
> attended some symposia on ASDs and joint attention that were
helpful.
>  I also went to a workshop that had some good ideas for improving
how
> objectives are written.  David's PBS-ABA panel was great and I was
> very encouraged to hear several of the leading figures in the PBS
> movement talk so positively about ABA and that PSB is really a
subset
> of ABA.
>
> -Robert
>

Partners in Policymaking is now accepting applications for the class
of 2006-2007. Partners is a leadership development and advocacy
program specifically focusing on parents of children with disabilities
and self advocates. The goal of the program is provide an environment
for learning, networking, and team building in order to build strong
advocates that will work for systematic change in Georgia. The program
is in its 14th year and has a total of 446 graduates. Training last
for 9 months and is no cost to participants.  Partners is a
comprehensive education on disability issues that will inspire and
challenge.

Topic covered include: school inclusion, employment, conflict
management, home ownership, employment, and the state legislative process.

Applications are available by mail or at:

http://www.aadd.org/PIPAPP%202006-2007%20APP%20FORM%20interactive.htm

For more information on the Partners program, please contact, Rita
Young,  rita@...  or by calling 404-881-9777 x 220. The deadline
for applications is July 7, 2006.

My friend Heidi Fernandez is passionate about a lot of things related
to Autism and this Magazine is one of them.  I thought I'd share the
email that she sent to me recently:

The Autism Perspective Magazine

        The Autism Perspective magazine was founded upon the passionate
philosophy that those living with and treating Autism Spectrum
Disorders and Pervasive Developmental Disorders should have a single
resource that presents the full perspective of options to encourage
and inspire us and make every family feel a little less alone in its
struggles, hopes and dreams.
       Within the pages of The Autism Perspective magazine you'll find
inspirational stories, new therapies and treatments, personal accounts
and advocacy advice. There is an entire department devoted to people
with autism who share their insight, along with From A Sibling and Our
Grandchildren departments. TAP's goal is to enrich and enhance the
lives of those living with autism and give them new sources of hope.
       The Autism Perspective is a non-pro fit organization.
To subscribe http://www.theautismperspective.org/l_subscribe.htm

Parents Educating Parents and Professionals

One Day Intensive Workshop

Saturday, August 26, 2006   8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.

The Praise Center
1857 Hwy. 78
Monroe, GA  30655
(www.mompraisecenter.com )

Parents, Teachers, Physicians, Therapists, anyone who has an interest
is invited to attend.

Pre-Registration is NOW OPEN!

http://georgiafaces.info

More details are available on the website regarding what is being
covered at this seminar.

Cost is $25.00 per person, which covers breaks, lunch and all
materials related to this workshop.

Sorry, childcare is not available due to the length of this event.

Share this email with your teachers and any other person who can
benefit from the information in this workshop!

Sponsored by
The Parent Leadership Coalition Navigator Team of Walton County.

--- In opengaautism@yahoogroups.com, "rdonlin1" <rdonlin1@...> wrote:
>
> Hello all!
>
> For those of you who attended the ABA conference in Atlanta, what did
> you most like about the conference?  I enjoyed seeing Mark Sunberg's
> rebuttle to Gina Green and David Celibert's panel addressing PBS.
> While I don't agree with all that was said, I preferred seeing people
> discuss these issues out in the public versus behind the scenes...any
> thoughts?
>
> Ruth
>

Ruth,

Thanks for joining!

I was very encouraged to see that the Georgia ABA Chapter is
restarting and had a nice turnout at the organization meeting.  I
attended some symposia on ASDs and joint attention that were helpful.
  I also went to a workshop that had some good ideas for improving how
objectives are written.  David's PBS-ABA panel was great and I was
very encouraged to hear several of the leading figures in the PBS
movement talk so positively about ABA and that PSB is really a subset
of ABA.

-Robert

Hello all!

For those of you who attended the ABA conference in Atlanta, what did
you most like about the conference?  I enjoyed seeing Mark Sunberg's
rebuttle to Gina Green and David Celibert's panel addressing PBS.
While I don't agree with all that was said, I preferred seeing people
discuss these issues out in the public versus behind the scenes...any
thoughts?

Ruth

Welcome to the Open Georgia Autism Listserv.

The Open Georgia Autism Group is meant to be a place where anyone can
come and discuss issues relating to Autism generally and Autism in
Georgia specifically. Free and open discourse in keeping with the
limits of civil speech is the goal of this group.

No topic related to Autism Spectrum Disorders is off limits. There are
no membership requirements or limits - everyone is welcome. The rules
are simple: no flaming and the post must relate to Autism Spectrum issues.

-Robert Montgomery