Music Therapy has proven to be particularly effective for persons
with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Research in both music therapy and in
neuroscience has shown that music can affect function in profound
ways. In fact, some neuroscience studies have shown that certain
types of music stimulate the production of dopamine and serotonin -
two neurotransmitters (chemicals produced by brain cells) that are
deminished in PD patients.

Many individuals with Parkinson's have problems with initiation and
consecutive movement. They also have problems with slowness of
movement, or bradykinesia. Music, particularly rhythm, can become a
template for organizing a series of movements. This process is not
automatic. The rhythm must stimulate the impulse or will to move in
the PD patient in order for the impulse to transfer into real
movement. The music therapist explores various rhythmic patterns or
musical styles with the patient to establish which patterns will help
with walking, balance and movement in general. Patients report that
by focusing on the rhythm and trying to feel its pulse they can
better walk or perform consecutive tasks where previously they froze.

In addition to movement, patients with PD may have problems with
articulation where their speech becomes slurred and unclear.
Sometimes this is due to poor breath support and sometimes it is a
result of difficulties with the motor aspects of speech, i.e. moving
the mouth and tongue to articulate a specific sound. Patients are
encouraged to "sing" and sustain single syllables to promote greater
breath support. They are also encouraged to tap their hand while they
speak as this aids in the coordination and clarity of their speech.

Sometimes the patient with PD has too much movement and can't stop
the tremors or involuntary movements referred to as dyskinesia. The
urge to move may impede the need to relax and may even disrupt sleep.
In these instances, slow rhythmic music can slow down overactive body
rhythms and induce relaxation and sleep. Other aspects of Parkinson's
Disease can affect a patient's mood, causing depression, anxiety and
even social isolation. Participating in music therapy groups,
including therapeutic drumming groups, dance and movement groups, and
music therapy support groups, can provide an outlet for self
expression and a closer connection to others. Active music therapy
can aid in promoting both physical and emotional health and well-
being.

Individuals with PD should explore the benefits of music therapy in
their overall care. Below are a few self-help techniques that can be
tried at home.

Explore various styles of music, e.g. Latin, reggae, rock, marches,
etc. and find those songs that make you want to move.
Create a music library of "music to move by" and bring a portable CD
along so that you can play this music while walking. Be careful when
using headphones outdoors as this may distract you from paying
attention to other sounds in the environment e.g. motor vehicles,
bicyclists, etc.
Explore music that you like to sing to and use these recordings to
help keep your voice strong
Create a "memory" library of your favorite music. Familiar music
helps stimulate recall of old memories and meaningful moments in our
lives.
Explore music that makes you feel relaxed and use this music when you
can't fall to sleep
Participate in group music programs such as a local chorus or social
dancing
Find a music therapy program in your area
Concetta M. Tomaino, DA, MT-BC