dear navneetkumar and his friends===u are thinking freely no question of of appology.in MUHSNASHIK we have not taught u psychology ==those previously we r teaching for 1st mbbs students. i am knowing u are modereting discussion from america US. i don't know your age but u seems to be young adolesent enthusiastic person.at present here no fasility to teach adolesent physiology/medicine or geriatric physiology/medicine. actually we so called seniors=========/?==break over mind is good break. u are handling spirituality, emotion which will determine mind. when we think in terms of limbic system===emotion==hunger, thrist , sex and now urge to know the urge to exel and the urge to be right and fair are the basic urges of human, and here lies the role of individual life style,culture, type of thinking. behaviour etc. SORRY WHAT I AM WRITING? continue with full speed. FORGET++FORGIVE++AND SURVIVE. all the best dr surendra YAVATMAL

On Thu, 05 Nov 2009 08:31:50 +0530 wrote
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Dear NetRUMians,It seems that the topic is gaining momentum.Disclaimer: I apologize before hand if my comments, explanations, remarks and discussion are felt offensive to anyone. I'm trying to be plain, simple and blunt in "fact" reporting!@Anupama@Meenal@NishantIt would be great if we can give our reasons for choosing the answers.Instead of just giving answers I would rather like to discuss them let you all decide your scores.Q2: When we talk of HIV transmission it basically depends on the duration of contact and surface area of at risk surface (when the amount of virus aka dose of infective material remains the same)This is the reason direct blood inoculation like blood transfusion has 90+ transmission rate.So when we compare man to woman and woman to man transmission, it seems obvious that it is the fairer species which are at a greater risk for getting HIV infection. The surface area of vaginal mucosa (exposed surface) is way more than the corresponding area in man (glans). Also in case of woman the infective material aka semen remains in vagina for a longer duration than the brief exposure of glans to vaginal fluids during sex!All this logic holds only if we see "per sexual encounter" rates!Q3: Another important factor in the transmission of HIV is the exposed surface itself. So intact keratinized skin is more resistant to HIV than a traumatized mucosa.Now if we think closely into the physical aspect of different types of "Sex" (aka "the ACT"), we may realize that more the trauma (in the "heat") more will be the chances is HIV transmission.And Bingo we get the answer: Anal canal is not naturally designed for being a receptacle for "member" but as an outlet for the residue of digestive process. Add to it lack of lubrication and we end up in having more trauma to both parties' exposed mucosa. This equates to higher risk of HIV transmission than both oral and vaginal Sex.Q4: Again the more traumatized the exposed surface is, the higher is the risk for HIV infection.During menstruation the endometrium is sloughed off making it more susceptible for HIV transmission!Q5: HIV is a rather delicate virus (It seems a stark contrast when compared to its capabilities). Until now there has been no known report of HIV transmission by:1. Mosquito bite2. Using same toilet seat3. "Social" kiss aka "peck-on-cheeks"HIV fails to survive in these "harsh" environments!Q6: Now this one is rather interesting.In deep kissing aka "French" kiss there is prolonged contact of infective material (saliva- Yes, HIV has been detected in saliva!) and oral mucosa. Theoretically HIV can penetrate any mucosa (which is nonkeratinized). Also if there are any cuts aka breeches in the mucosa HIV can be transmitted. Though there never has been any reported case of HIV transmission by a French Kiss! :)For Oral Sex similar logic holds true. Trauma to exposed mucosa + infective material (semen) = HIV getting one more victim!HIV is transmitted via breast milk!Waiting to hear your comments.Sincerely,NavneetDr Navneet Kumar,MBBS,Government Medical College,Nagpur,India--- In netrum@yahoogroups.com, anupama sukhlecha wrote:>> Dear Navneet,> Except for the first answer, my answers are similar to Nishant's. Probably it is 1-a> > Anupama> > --- On Tue, 3/11/09, nishant singh nishantsingh2001@... wrote:> > > From: nishant singh nishantsingh2001@...> Subject: Re: [netrum] HIV Transmission and Risk Factors: Some life saving facts!> To: netrum@yahoogroups.com> Date: Tuesday, 3 November, 2009, 7:16 PM> > > > > > > > > > > > 2 b> 3.c> 4. c> 5. d> 6. d> > > hope i got all of em correct!!> > > Dr Nishant Singh> JR 2 @ GMC Amritsar> --- On Tue, 3/11/09, Neet wrote:> > > From: Neet > Subject: [netrum] HIV Transmission and Risk Factors: Some life saving facts!> To: netrum@yahoogroups. com> Date: Tuesday, 3 November, 2009, 12:11 AM> > > > > Dear NetRUMians,> > If you think you know all about how we can get HIV infection, just go through the following questions and post your answers.> We'll concentrate on some important "fine print" facts about transmission and risk factors for HIV.> > (ii) Transmission of HIV:> > > 2. During sexual contact HIV infection is more frequently transmitted from: > a.Man to woman.> b.Woman to man.> > c.Both are equally infective.> d.Nocorrelation.> e. Don't know.> 3. Sexual act by which route carries highest risk for HIV transmission:> a. Vaginal> b. Oral> c. Anal> d. All are at equal risk.> e. Don't know.> > 4. During which period of menstrual cycle is a woman at a higher risk for HIV infection after coitus:> a. Before menstruation.> b. After menstruation.> c. During menstruation.> d. Equal risk during entire cycle.> e. Don't know.> > 5. HIV can not be transmitted from an HIV positive person by:> a. Mosquito bite.> b. Using the same toilet seat.> c. Social kiss.> d. All of the above.> e. Don't know.> > 6. HIV infection may be transmitted by:> a. Deep kissing.> b. Oral Sex.> c. Breast feeding.> d. All of the above.> e. Don't know. > > Lets see how much we know?> In hope of lessening our chances of getting HIV infection by using the power of knowledge,> > Navneet> > -- In netrum@yahoogroups. com, "Neet" wrote:>> > > > Dear NetRUmians,> > > > > > @ Dr Meenal: Bingo! You scored the opening point!> > > > > > > > > > > > As Dr Meenal as hascorrectly pointed towards the main hurdle in the> > triumph of HIV vaccine which is thehigh mutability of HIV.> > > > Recently there were reportsof the results of a Phase III trial of ALVAC,> > a recombinant canarypox vector vaccine and AIDSVAX, arecombinant> > glycoprotein 120 subunit vaccine which was stated to showpositive> > results against HIV-1:> > http://www.guardian .co.uk/world/ 2009/sep/ 24/hiv-infection -vaccine- aids-b> > reakthrough> > > breakthrough>> > > > But as rosy as it may seemsif one goes through the original article:> > http://content. nejm.org/ cgi/content/ full/NEJMoa09084 92> > > > > > we can see the results are a bit hazy.> > > > The modest effect shown bythis trial was based on a handful of cases- 23> > to be exact although it was equivalent to being statistically> > significant- p= 0.04! Strangely "Vaccinationdid not affect the> > degree of viremia or the CD4+ T-cell count insubjects in whom HIV-1> > infection was subsequently diagnosed"!! !??!!!> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Do give your valuable comments on this.> > > > In hope of a miracle against HIV,> > > > > > > > > > Navneet> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In netrum@yahoogroups. com > "drmeenal.tiwari04" drmeenal.tiwari04@ wrote:> > >> > > Hello everyone,> > >> > > The cause of lack in development of a potential vaccine against AIDS> > is that HIV is a highly mutable virus...this is what I can say from my> > knowledge about AIDS> > > lets see what others have to say ..!!> > >> >> > > > Now, send attachments up to 25MB with Yahoo! India Mail. Learn how.> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Keep up with people you care about with Yahoo! India Mail. Learn how. http://in.overview.mail.yahoo.com/connectmore>