--- In muslimpharmacistsassociation@yahoogroups.com, "Prof. Dr. Amgad Mohammed Rabie Hamed Mohammed Fouda" <master_of_pharmacists2@...> wrote:
>
>
>
> --- In muslimpharmacistsassociation@yahoogroups.com, "kelly"
> mary_ring42@ wrote:
> >
> > im trying to find out more on spina bifida and adotion and invetro im
> > trying to find out if spina bifida can be given to some ones kid from
> > them and what all dose it do to some one and adoption im trying to
> > find out how to do it and invetroo dose a women have to have her tubs
> > undone or not to have it done and if not how much dose it coast to
> > have it done
> >
>
>
>
>
> Reply & Answer by Prof. Dr. Amgad Rabie:-
>
>
> Introduction to Spina Bifida
> Spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html> is a
> defined as any abnormal development of the bones of the spine that
> display a typical pattern, with or without the involvement of the brain,
> nerves or covering of the nerves (meninges). It is the most common
> congenital spine abnormality. The term spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html>
> covers a range of malformations that always include deformities of
> certain parts of the vertebrae, the spinous process and vertebral arch.
> Some have described this process as a failure of these bones to fuse
> during early fetal development.
>
> [spina bifida, anatomical black and white drawing indicating where
> deformity
> occurs]
>
> Most common locations are the lower thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine.
> The cause behind this congenital malformation is not well understood.
> Data suggests that genetic factors play a predominant role, but
> nutritional and environmental factors may also contribute to the
> development of spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html> .
>
> Classification
>
> Spina bifida is broken down into two categories: spina bifida occulta
> and open spina bifida. These subtypes are distinguished by the absence
> or presence of nerves, fluid that surrounds the nerves (CSF), and the
> meninges that are included within the deformity. See Table 1.
>
> Table 1. Types of Spina Bifida
>
> Type Description Incidence Examples Spina bifida occulta
> * Bony abnormality seen by x-ray
> * Nerves may be involved when associated with skin changes or hairy
> patch
> Relatively common (5-10% of general population) Figure 1 Open spina
> bifida
> * Usually seen at birth
> * Bony abnormality plus involvement of nerves, CSF, or meninges
> About 10% of all patients with spina bifida Figures 2 and 3
>
>
> Diagnosis
>
> [spina bifida, hairy patch]
> Since there is no opening to the skin, spina bifida occulta can only be
> seen on x-ray or MRI. Certain clinical findings such as dimpling of the
> skin or a hairy patch at the base of the spine may trigger further
> investigation by a physician.
>
> Underlying spinal nerve abnormalities can be seen in these situations.
> There is inconclusive evidence that this type of deformity is related to
> back pain, scoliosis
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article4140.html> , or
> nighttime bed-wetting. A large study showed that in patients not
> complaining of back pain, almost 20% had uncomplicated spina bifida
> occulta. If you have an abnormality on an x-ray, it does not always mean
> that this is causing your pain.
>
> The diagnosis of open spina bifida is usually made at birth or during
> prenatal ultrasound screening. It accounts for about 10% of all patients
> with spina bifida. There can be a mass outside the body at the base of
> the spine containing nerves (myelomeningocele) or the nerves may be
> absent in the mass (meningocele). Usually the deformity is covered with
> a thin membrane (spina bifida cystica), or it can be open to the
> environment (spina bifida aperta) and drainage of spinal fluid is seen.
> [mri, lipoma]
> [spina bifida, meninges] [spina bifida, meningocele]
>
> Treatment
>
> There is no specific treatment for occult spina bifida if the
> abnormality is limited to the bone. Usually these deformities are found
> at the last lumbar vertebrae (L5) or at the first sacral vertebrae (S1).
> However, deformities of the spine can lead to degenerative changes later
> in life that may require intervention.
>
> Open spina bifida and underlying spinal abnormalities associated with
> occult spina bifida are treated by a neurosurgeon. The goal of surgery
> is to preserve the nerves, restore the normal anatomy, and close the
> defect. This delicate surgery is carefully performed under magnification
> while using special monitors to help identify the nerves. Surgery will
> help to reduce the risk of infection (meningitis) and reduce the
> progression of long-term disability.
>
> [spina bifida, surgery on a meningocele]
> Considerations for patients and their families
>
> The diagnosis of spina bifida may be devastating for the parents of
> these children. The neurosurgeon's role not only includes operative
> management but also education. Children born with a myelomeningocele
> (Figure 2) have a 90% chance of survival. Furthermore, they have an 80%
> chance of normal intelligence and around an 85% chance of walking with
> or without assistance. Long-term problems include: short stature, lack
> of leg development, scoliosis
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article4140.html> , and
> bowel and bladder difficulties.
>
>
> There are many other conditions closely associated with open spina
> bifida. Approximately 80 to 90% of patients will develop hydrocephalus
> (increase in the size of the fluid filled spaces in the brain). This can
> be treated effectively, using a shunt (plastic tube under the skin from
> the brain to the abdomen) in the early stages of development. Children
> may have many other abnormalities, throughout their body, which must be
> recognized. Several medical and surgical specialties will contribute to
> the overall care of these children during their entire lives. It is
> essential to maintain a support network, not only for the patient, but
> also the family, in order to provide optimal outcomes for all patients
> with spina bifida.
>
>
>
> Children with Spina Bifida Live with Daily Challenges
>
> Linnea Winters is a very bright, outgoing third grader, with interests
> that might seem pretty typical for an average 8-year-old. She loves to
> read books, enjoys riding her bike and scooter, playing basketball, and
> most recently, has started violin lessons. An annual highlight is the
> Father/Daughter Ball, which Linnea has attended for the last five years,
> dancing the night away with her dad, Phil. Linnea has a lot of fun,
> despite the fact that she is living with a physical condition that
> challenges her every day. It is because of her good nature, tenacity,
> and support of her family and neurosurgeon, Monica Wehby, MD, that she
> has been able to live as normal a life as possible.
>
> Linnea was born on June 9, 1997, with spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html> ,
> hydrocephalus, and club feet. According to the American Association of
> Neurological Surgeons (AANS), there are currently an estimated 70,000
> Americans living with spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html> .
> Brenda and her husband Phil went for genetic counseling prior to her
> first pregnancy, because Brenda had a brother who died from a neural
> tube defect, just shortly after birth. They were told that there was
> just a 1 to 2 percent risk of having a baby with this birth defect.
> Their firstborn child Ethan was fine. Brenda took folic acid for three
> months prior to and throughout her pregnancy, a preventative measure
> that is recommended for women of childbearing age. The second time
> around, however, Brenda and Phil were told the shattering news about
> their unborn baby's condition, 18 � weeks into her pregnancy,
> detected by ultrasound.
>
> Spina bifida
> <http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article3088.html>
> occurs during the third and fourth weeks of pregnancy when a portion of
> the fetal spinal cord fails to properly close. As a result, the child is
> born with a part of the spinal cord exposed on the back. Although
> scientists believe that genetic and environmental factors may act
> together to cause spina bifida, 95 percent of babies with spina bifida
> are born to parents with no family history.
>
> Linnea underwent her first surgery as a newborn at Emanuel Children's
> Hospital in Portland, Ore. Dr. Wehby closed up Linnea's back when she
> was 3-hours old, followed by a shunt when she was 2-days-old, to treat
> her hydrocephalus. About 80 to 90 percent of children with spina bifida
> are born with or develop hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is a condition in
> which excess cerebrospinal fluid builds up within the ventricles
> (fluid-containing cavities) of the brain and may increase pressure
> within the head. "Most of these children require a ventricular shunt to
> control the build-up of spinal fluid. The shunt will remain in place
> throughout the individual's life, but usually needs to be replaced
> several times. Linnea has had two shunt revisions, at age 7 months and
> age 4," said Dr. Wehby.
>
> At age 5, Linnea underwent surgery for tethered spinal cord. At birth,
> the spinal cord is normally located opposite the disc between the first
> and second lumbar vertebrae in the upper part of the lower back. In a
> baby with spina bifida, the spinal cord is still attached to the
> surrounding skin, preventing it from ascending normally, so the spinal
> cord is low-lying or tethered. Although the skin is separated and closed
> at birth, the spinal cord stays in the same location after the closure.
> As the child continues to grow, the spinal cord can become stretched,
> causing damage and interfering with the blood supply to the spinal cord,
> which can lead to a variety of physical problems.
>
> Things are not always easy for Linnea, her parents, or her older brother
> Ethan, who is 13. "When she first realized that she was different, which
> was about age 4 1/2, she cried often because she was sad that she was
> born with a hole in her back. I told her that I was sad too, but that I
> loved her and was glad that she was my daughter. I told her that being
> sad did not change anything; she still had to take her medicine or have
> surgery because life goes on," recalled Brenda.
>
> "I will never forget what the physical therapist told us when Linnea was
> 6-weeks-old that she would never sit-up, roll-over, crawl or walk, let
> alone run. Linnea wears ankle-foot orthotics, as do many children with
> spina bifida, but she is remarkably coordinated. When Linnea expresses
> disappointment about not being as fast as the other kids in gym class or
> on the playground, I tell her that I am glad that she does these things
> anyway, and that this is a miracle that we should be thankful for," said
> Brenda.
>
> Linnea has faced her fears and shared details about her condition with
> her class. "There are more people at my school finding out that I have
> spina bifida. They are coming up to me once they find out who I am and
> telling me that they know and don't really care if I have spina bifida.
> They say they accept me for who I am and think I am just the same as
> they are," said Linnea. Fortunately, with proper medical care, many
> children with spina bifida can lead active and productive lives. With
> recent advancements in medical care for these children, the outlook
> continues to improve.
>
> Women of childbearing age can reduce their risk of having a child with
> spina bifida by taking 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day,
> whether they are planning a pregnancy or not. Research has shown that if
> all women of childbearing age took a multivitamin with the B-vitamin
> folic acid, the risk of neural tube defects could be reduced by up to 70
> percent.
>
>
> Prevention
> Doctors and scientists have found that folic acid can help to prevent
> spina bifida. It is recommended that all women of childbearing years as
> well as those women planning to become pregnant should take at least 0.4
> mg of folic acid from at least one month before conception, and at least
> 1 mg of folic acid during at least the first three months of pregnancy.
> Women who have already had a baby with spina bifida or other type of
> neural tube defect should take extra folic acid - 4mg/day. As yet it is
> unknown how or why folic acid helps to prevent spina bifida.
>
> Sources of folic acid include: Whole grains, fortified breakfast
> cereals, dried beans, leaf vegetables, fruits.
>
>
>
> Links / Resources:-
>
> For more information, please visit the Spina Bifida Association of
> America at www.sbaa.org <http://www.sbaa.org> or any of the following
> sites:-
>
> Domestic Links
>
> Able Project <http://www.ableproject.org/>
> Provides a network where people with disabilities and their loved ones
> can effortlessly research, compare, locate and obtain mobility and
> assistive products.
>
> Baby Center Information <http://www.babycenter.com/>
> A complete on line resource for new and expectant parents.
>
> Birth Defect Web Site <http://www.birthdefects.org/>
> Provides parents and expectant parents with information about birth
> defects and support services for their children.
>
> Centers for Disease Control Birth Defect Prevention
> <http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd>
> CDC serves as the national focus for developing and applying disease
> prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and
> education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the
> United States.
>
> Children With Spina Bifida <http://www.waisman.wisc.edu/~rowley/sb-kids>
> A resource page for parents.
>
> Disability Network <http://www.disabilitynetwork.com/>
> An information highway for the disabled and their families. You will
> find support from others as well as helpful and entertaining links for
> Adults and Children.
>
> Disabled Women With Crutches
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/disabled_women_with_crutches>
> An online community for women.
>
> Easter Seals <http://www.seals.org/>
> Easter Seals' mission has always been to provide services for people
> with disabilities and their families in their local communities.
>
> Families and Advocates - Partnerships for Education
> <http://www.fape.org/>
> Families and Advocates Partnership for Education (FAPE) aims to improve
> the educational outcomes for children with disabilities. It links
> families to information about IDEA.
>
> Family Friendly Fun and Special Needs
> <http://www.family-friendly-fun.com/>
> Family Friendly Fun offers family fun and family health resources to
> enhance the quality of family life for families with disabilities and
> special needs.
>
> Family Voices <http://www.familyvoices.org/>
> Family Voices is a national, grassroots clearinghouse for information
> and education concerning the health care of children with special health
> needs.
>
> Genetic Alliance <http://www.geneticalliance.org/>
> Genetic Alliance increases the capacity of genetic advocacy groups to
> achieve their missions and leverages the voices of millions of
> individuals and families living with genetic conditions.
>
> HIPAA / IHCRP <http://www.georgetown.edu/research/ihcrp/hipaa>
> The Georgetown University Health Policy Institute has written a consumer
> guide for getting and keeping health insurance for each state and the
> District of Columbia. These Consumer Guides are available at this web
> site and are updated periodically.
>
> The Hydrocephalus Association <http://www.hydroassoc.org/>
> Hydrocephalus Association provides support, education and advocacy for
> individuals, families and professionals. The association tries to help
> families and individuals dealing with the complex issues of
> hydrocephalus.
>
> Institute on Community Integration <http://ici.umn.edu/>
> Institute on Community Integration tries to improve the community
> services and social supports available to individuals with developmental
> disabilities and other disabilities throughout the United States.
>
> Kids' Camps <http://www.kidscamps.com/>
> KidsCamps.com is the Internet's most comprehensive summer camp resource
> guide and online camp directory of day camps, overnight camps, special
> needs camps, sport camps, special interest camps, art camps, music
> camps, family camps, camps for rent/lease, and more!
>
> Latex Allergy Association <http://www.latexallergyresources.org/>
> American Latex Allergy Association has designed this website to help
> connect you with educational materials, support groups, publications and
> product information to assist you with your understanding of natural
> rubber latex allergy.
>
> Latex Allergy Links <http://www.latexallergylinks.org/>
> Latex Allergy Links is a comprehensive, up-to-date listing of latex
> allergy-related sites on the Internet.
>
> March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation <http://www.modimes.org/>
> The mission of the March of Dimes is to improve the health of babies by
> preventing birth defects and infant mortality. We carry out this mission
> through research, community services, education and advocacy to save
> babies' lives.
>
> Maternal/Child Health Coalition <http://www.mchc.net/>
> The Coalition works to strengthen the capacity of individuals and
> organizations to enhance maternal and child health in the greater Kansas
> City area.
>
> Micronutrient Initiative (MI) <http://www.micronutrient.org/>
> The Micronutrient Initiative (MI) is a not-for-profit organization
> specializing in addressing micronutrient malnutrition.
>
> MO Developmental Disabilities Resource Center <http://www.moddrc.com/>
> MO Developmental Disabilities Resource center Serves all
> Missourian's free of charge as the main source for information on
> disability and related topics, and provides connections to community
> supports.
>
> National Birth Defects Prevention Network <http://www.nbdpn.org/>
> The National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) is a group of
> individuals involved in birth defects surveillance, research, and
> prevention.
>
> National Center for Learning Disabilities, Inc. <http://www.ncld.org/>
> NCLD provides essential information to parents, professionals and
> individuals with learning disabilities, promotes research and programs
> to foster effective learning, and advocates for policies to protect and
> strengthen educational rights and opportunities.
>
> National Center on Physical Activity and Disability
> <http://www.ncpad.org/> Here's the descriptor text: The mission of the
> National Center on Physical Activity and Disability (NCPAD) is to
> promote substantial health benefits that can be gained from
> participating in regular physical activity.
>
> The National Council On Folic Acid <http://www.folicacidinfo.org/>
> The National Council on Folic Acid (NCFA) is a partnership of over 80
> national organizations and associations, state folic acid councils and
> government agencies whose mission is to improve health by promoting the
> benefits and consumption of folic acid.
>
> National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
> <http://www.ninds.nih.gov/>
> The NINDS conducts and supports research on brain and nervous system
> disorders. NINDS is one of the more than two dozen research institutes
> and centers that comprise the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
>
> National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
> <http://www.rarediseases.org/>
> NORD is dedicated to helping people with rare "orphan" diseases and
> assisting the organizations that serve them. NORD is committed to the
> identification, treatment, and cure of rare disorders through programs
> of education, advocacy, research, and service.
>
> National Veterans Legal Services Program (NVLSP) <http://www.nvlsp.org/>
> The National Veterans Legal Services Program veterans service
> organization assist veterans and their advocates through education,
> advocacy, litigation, training advocates who represent veterans, and
> publications.
>
> Pain and Spina Bifida
> <http://groups.msn.com/PainIssuesForPersonsWithSpinaBifida/>
> Pain Issues for Persons with Spina Bifida is a place for anyone who is
> affected by spina bifida whether its a child or adult with spina bifida,
> a parent of a child with spina or family & friends of someone who has
> spina bifida and is experiencing pain problems.
>
> Partnership for Prescription Assistance <http://www.pparx.org/>
> Brings together America's pharmaceutical companies, doctors, other
> health care providers, patient advocacy organizations and community
> groups to help qualifying patients who lack prescription coverage get
> the medicines they need through the public or private program that's
> right for them. Many will get them free or nearly free.
>
> Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights <http://www.pacer.org/>
> The mission of PACER Center is to expand opportunities and enhance the
> quality of life of children and young adults with disabilities and their
> families, based on the concept of parents helping parents.
>
> Parents with Disabilities Online <http://www.disabledparents.net/>
> Provides information, support and resources to parents with disabilities
> since 1996. It's the Internet's One-Stop Resource for Parents with
> Disabilities.
>
> The SB Center Message Boards <http://pub101.ezboard.com/bthesbcenter>
> SB Center and message board.
>
> Spina Bifida Central <http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/spinabifidacentral>
> Spina Bifida Central is a place to find support and share experiences.
>
> Spina Bifida from the National Information Center for Children and Youth
> with Disabilities (NICHCY)
> <http://www.westworld.com/~barbara/index28spinabif>
> Definitions from the National Information Center for Children and Youth
> with Disabilities.
>
> The Spinal Cord Information Network <http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu/>
> The UAB conducts research to improve upon and maintain a cost-effective
> comprehensive service delivery system from the moment of injury across
> the lifespan of persons who sustain spinal cord injury.
>
> World Congress and Exposition on Disabilities <http://www.wcdexpo.com/>
> The world's leading disability event, is committed to improving the
> lives of those with disabilities, their families and caregivers,
> physicians, allied healthcare professionals, educators and adapted
> physical education specialists and everyone working within the
> disability community.
>
>
>
>
> School & Camp Links
>
>
>
>
> German Links
>
> German Association for Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus
> <http://www.asbh.de/>
> German Spina Bifida Association.
>
>
>
>
> Italian Links
>
> Che cos' la spina bifida La spina bifida o mielomeningocele una
> malformazione del sistema nervoso dovuta alla mancata chiusura del
> tubon. <http://www.arpnet.it/~apisb/che_cosa.htm>
> Italian Association.
>
> CHI SIAMO APISB una associazione regionale nata per iniziativa di un
> gruppo di genitori di bambini affetti da spina bifida (mielomeningoce).
> <http://www.arpnet.it/~apisb/chisiamo.htm>
> Information in Italian about Spina bifida.
>
> Ecco alcuni indirizzi internet collegati alla spina bifida FAISBI
> (Federazione delle Associazioni Italiane Spina Bifida e Idrocefalo)
> Develo. <http://www.arpnet.it/~apisb/around.htm>
> Italian Spina Bifida Federation.
>
>
>
>
> International Links
>
> Association for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus ASBAH
> <http://www.asbah.org/>
> A national organisation providing information and advice about spina
> bifida and hydrocephalus to individuals, families and carers.
>
> Disability Net <http://www.disabilitynet.co.uk/>
> Information, products and services for people with disabilities.
>
> IFHSB - International Foundation of Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida
> <http://www.ifglobal.org/>
> The International Federation for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (IF) is
> the world-wide umbrella organisation (NGO) for Spina Bifida and
> Hydrocephalus created in 1979 by national organisations of people with
> these impairments and their parents.
>
> Indian Spina Bifida Association
> <http://www.indiaspinabifidaassociation.org/>
> Indian Spina Bifida Association
>
> Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus Association of Northern Alberta
> <http://www.telusplanet.net/public/sbhana/>
> Northen Alberta Spina Bifida Association.
>
> Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus Association of Ontario (SBHAO)
> <http://www.sbhao.on.ca/>
> Ontario Spina Bifida Association.
>
> Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus Association of Quebec
> <http://www.supernet.ca/~spinaqc>
> Quebec Spina Bifida Association.
>
> Spina Bifida: de "open rug" Spina Bifida of open rug is een ingewikkeld
> probleem, waarbij het niet alleen gaat om een sluitingsdef.
> <http://www.neurochirurgie-zwolle.nl/>
> Netherland Spina Bifida Information.
>
> Swiss Federation of Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus
> <http://www.sbh-ch.ch/>
> Swedish Spina Bifida Association.
>
>
> All the questions in this topic were answered by Prof. Dr. Amgad
> Rabie...
>

     This repeated reply is just to correct the underlined word in the previous sentence to be "were" instead of "was".

     Prof. Dr. Amgad Rabie...