--- "iniibehe" <iniibehe@...> wrote:
> please am doing a research on neem and its use as male contraceptive.
> i want information on literature review, researh methods and any
> useful information
> many thanks
>

Another reader of this group did a literature review of neem used as a
contraceptive and sent in the list below. (Thanks, Ed!) This list
isn't just studies of the use of neem in men; it includes studies of
the contraceptive effect various forms of neem in males and females of
various species, from rats to humans.

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REFERENCES: Neem as a contraceptive

Aladakatti, RH, and RN Ahamed (2005) "Ultrastructural changes in
Leydig cells and cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by Azadirachta
indica leaves in albino rats." Phytotherapy Research 19(9): 756-766.

Awasthy, KS (2001) "Genotoxicity of a crude leaf extract of neem in
male germ cells of mice." Cytobios 106(Suppl. 2): 151-164.

Chandra, P, and AR Khuda-Bukhsh (2004) "Genotoxic effects of cadmium
chloride and azadirachtin treated singly and in combination in fish."
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 58(2): 194-201.

Deshpande, VY, KN Mendulkar and NL Sadre (1980) "Male antifertility
activity of Azadirachta indica in mice." Journal of Postgraduate
Medicine 26: 167-70.

Garg, S, G Doncel, S Chabra, et al. (1994) "Synergistic spermicidal
activity of neem seed extract, reetha saponins and quinine
hydrochloride."Contraception 50(2): 185-190.

Jensen, JT (2002) "Male contraception." Current Womens Health Reports
2(5): 338-45.

Juneja, SC, RS Williams, A Farooq, et al.(1996) "Contraception
potential of neem oil: Effect on pregnancy success in the mouse."
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 13 (7): 578-585.

Juneja, SC, and RS Williams (1993) "Mouse sperm-egg interaction
in-vitro in the presence of neem oil." Life Sciences 53(18): PL279-PL284.

Khan, PK, and KS Awasthy (2003) "Cytogenetic toxicity of neem." Food
and Chemical Toxicology 41(10): 1325-1328.

Khillare, B, and TG Shrivastav (2003) "Spermicidal activity of
Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract" Contraception 68(3): 225-229.

Lohiya, NK, B Manivannan, PK Mishra and N Pathak (2001) "Vas deferens,
a site of male contraception: an overview." Asian Journal of Andrology
3(2): 87-95.

Lopez, LM, DA Grimes and KF Schulz (2005) "Nonhormonal drugs for
contraception in men: A systematic review." Obstetrical &
Gynecological Survey 60(11): 746-752.

Mohan, J, PK Tyagi, PK Tyagi, et al. (1997) "Antifertility effect of
neem (Azadrichta indica) seed kernel meal in chickens."
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 10(6): 609-613.

National Research Council (1992) Neem: A tree for solving global
problems. National Academy Press: Washington, DC.

Nisbet, AJ, AJ Mordue,LM Williams, et al. (1996) "Autoradiographic
localization of [22,23-H-3(2)] dihydroazadirachtin binding sites in
desert locust testes and effects of Azadirachtin on sperm motility."
Tissue & Cell 28(6): 725-729.

Parshad, O, MT Gardner, TL The, et al. (1997) "Antifertility effects
of aqueous and steroidal extracts of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) in
male Wistar rats." Phytotherapy Research 11(2): 168-170.

Randhawa, NS, and BS Parmar (eds.) (1996) Neem. New Age International:
New Delhi, India.

Raghuvanshi, P, R Bagga, D Malhotra, et al. (2001) "Spermicidal &
contraceptive properties of Praneem polyherbal pessary." Indian
Journal of Medecal Research 113: 135-141.

Sadre NL, VY Deshpande, KN Mendulkar and DH Nandal (1983) "Male
antifertility activity of (Azadirachta indica) in different species."
In Schmutterer, H, and KRS Ascher (eds.) Natural pesticides from the
neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and other tropical plants:
Proceedings of the 2nd International Neem Conference. Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit : Roßdorf, Germany.

Shaikh, PD, B Manivannan, KM Pathan, et al. (1993) "Antispermatic
Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaves In Albino-Rats."Current Science
64(9): 688-689.

Sharma SK, M SaiRam, G Ilavazhagan, et al. (1996) "Mechanism of action
of NIM-76: A novel vaginal contraceptive from neem oil." Contraception
54(6): 373-378.

Talwar, GP, P Raghuvanshi, R Misra, et al. (1997) "Plant
immunomodulators for termination of unwanted pregnancy and for
contraception and reproductive health." Immunology and Cell Biology
75(2): 190-192.

Upadhyay, SN, S Dhawan and GP Talwar (1993) "Antifertility effects of
neem (Azadirachta indica) oil in male rats by single intra-vas
administration: an alternate approach to vasectomy." Journal of
Andrology 14(4): 275-81.
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