re: Japanese studies on bioradiation
Re: Biomagnetism, Qi-gong, bio-energy

From our correspondent at the "bio-emission laboratory" at Nippon
Medical School, Tokyo Denki University,
we have received the follow accounts of some interesting experiments
conducted from 1995-1998. If you would like
diagrams and tables as well, please contact me.
--Scott_Hill@...

.2
Measuring System for nT-order Magnetic Field near Human Hands


Hideyuki Kokubo, Mikio Yamamoto, Masahiko Hirasawa, Hideaki Sakaida,
Masahide
Furukawa, Kimiko Kawano1, Tsuyoshi Hirata2 and Nobuo Fukuda
(1Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; 2C&C Media Research
Laboratories, NEC
Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan)

Keywords: magnetic field, nT, qigong, human hands, living body,
measuring system, somatic
science, anomalous

Some reports suggest that special qigong masters or students can
generate a strong magnetic
field under the subjects' control. In these reports, an nT-order to
100nT-order magnetic field is
detected at palms, the forehead, the top of the head, etc. However,
there are few experts who
can generate an nT-order magnetic field even in an experiment on
bio-magnetism with SQUID
which can detect 1.2 pT, therefore anomalous bio-magnetic fields have
not been researched well
yet.
We developed a pilot system to measure the magnetic field caused by
human hands (Fig. 2). The
pilot measuring system consists of a small magnetic shielding case
(double box type) which
shields human hands, magnetometers, amplifiers, a data sampling
system and a monitoring
system. Geomagnetic field was decreased about 1/1500 in the shielding
case. Moreover, for
easy carrying, the magnetic shielding case could be disassembled into
some parts and placed in a
handling packet.
A preliminary test was done with nearly 70 ordinary Japanese persons
and about 15 Japanese
and Chinese qigong masters/students. The standard trial of the
preliminary test consisted of three
parts: 1) 2 minute control; 2) 2 minute qi-emitting; 3) 2 minute
control.
Through the test, we examined the following points. 1) Regarding
portability of the case, the
measuring system achieves the useful level expected. 2) For long time
experiments, an air
conditioning system was needed. 3) It was easy to detect a magnetic
field not caused by the
hands. For example, in the case of a qigong master, it was considered
that the detected magnetic
field was caused near the subject's stomach. In an interview after
the experiment, moreover, we
heard he had often eaten some metal objects, such as a small knife as
part of the qigong training.
4) For ordinary persons, there was no detection of nT-order anomalous
magnetic field caused by
the hands.

Results of the test confirmed that we should develop this system by
further studies on certain
aspects; e.g. analyzing methods or using diffrent sensors.

Publication
: Kokubo, H., Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M., Sakaida, H., Furukawa, M.,
Kawano, K., Hirata, T.
and Fukuda, N.: J. Int. Soc. Life Info. Sci.,16, 134-147, 1998.

5. An Experiment on Remote Action against Man in Sensory-Shielding
Condition (Part II)

Mikio Yamamoto, Masahiko Hirasawa, Hideyuki Kokubo,
Kimiko Kawano1, Tsuyoshi Hirata2, Tomoko Kokado, Hideaki Sakaida,
Nakahiro Yasuda, Akira Furukawa and Nobuo Fukuda
(1 Nippon Medical School, 2 NEC Corporation)

Keywords: qigong, tohate, sense shielding, suggestion, extrasensory,
remote action, EEG

"Tohate" is a term from traditional Japanese martial arts. When tohate
is performed, the receiver feels a sensory shock
and steps back rapidly when a master of the
martial arts (the sender) emits "qi" to the receiver without any
touching. Tohate is seen as a signal translation by qi.
However, we do not have complete theories
explaining tohate or qi. In our earlier experimental studies, we
reported that the phenomenon of tohate when performed by
a qigong master is not caused only by the
master's suggestion.
This report examines our earlier results by new experiments which were
done under randomized and double blind conditions.
The sender (qigong master) and the receiver (his pupil) were separated
in two rooms of a sensory-shielded building, with
the receiver on the 1st floor and the sender on
the 4th. The sender performed one "qi-emission" action during each 80
sec trial at a random time indicated by the
experimenter. When the sender performed a remote
action, the sender's qi-emitting motion time and the receiver's
response motion time (start of the step back) were
recorded. The coincidence frequency within ?}5.5 sec
was 16 (expected value was 7.88) for the 49 trials. It is
statistically significant and the p-value is 0.0008 (post hoc
analysis).
This suggests that there is an unknown communication mechanism between
the sender and receiver. The coincidence frequency
is very high in the range from -5.5 to
+5.5 sec. It is especially high in the range from -1 to +1 sec in our
earlier experiments. However, there was no remarkable
?}1 sec peak in the new experiments. The
reason for the difference between the previous and new results may be
due to the change of experimental conditions.
In more experiments using the same sender and receiver,
electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the receiver were recorded.
The qi-emission was performed at a random
time selected within a minute period by the experimenter. For 57
trials there is a statistically significant difference
between the emitting and non-emitting times in the
alpha wave mean amplitudes of the EEGs for the right frontal part of
the brain for the receiver. This suggests that
extrasensory information transfer may take place and
that it may be related to the right frontal part of the brain.

Publications:
1) Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M., Kawano, K., Yasuda, N. and Furukawa,
A.: J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 14, 97-101, 1996.
2) Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M., Kawano, K., Kokubo, H., Kokado, T.,
Hirata, T., Yasuda, N., Furukawa, A. and Fukuda, N.:
J. Intl. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 14, 228-248,
1996.


6. An Experiment on Extrasensory Information Transfer with
Electroencephalogram Measurements

Masahiko Hirasawa, Mikio Yamamoto, Kimiko Kawano*, Akira Furukawa and
Nakahiro Yasuda (*Nippon Medical School)

Keywords: subconscious, extrasensory, information transfer, EEG, alpha
wave amplitude, right frontal region

A sender and a receiver were located in two separate, sensory-shielded
rooms. Their electroencephalograms (EEGs)
were measured at 12 points (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, C3,
C4, T5, T6, O1, O2, Fz, Pz) with monopolar leads both while sending
and not sending extrasensory information.

To transmit extrasensory information, an experimenter showed the
sender a card for a few seconds that was randomly selected
from forty non-picture cards. The
sender then concentrated on that card with the eyes closed for one
minute. The receiver was previously informed that the
information to be transmitted consisted of one
of forty non-picture cards. During the non-sending period, the sender
thought nothing for one minute with the eyes closed.
The sending and non-sending of extrasensory information were each
carried out for one minute in a two-minute period. The
experimenter randomly decided and notified
the sender whether the first or second half were to be used for
sending. The receiver was only informed of the start time
and one and two minutes later with
phoneticsigns and was not informed which half was used for sending.
The receiver guessed both the sending information and
sending time period, with the eyes closed
during the two-minute trial. This trial was repeated 20 times.
The experiment was carried out for two pairs of subjects (A and B)
using two rooms separated by a corridor on the fifth
floor of the First Research Building at NIRS on
the 11th of October, 1995.
Conscious recognition by the receivers in guessing the time when
information was sent was not significant at the 5% level
of significance (one-tailed) for either pairs.
Thus, extrasensory transfer of information between the subjects'
consciousness was not demonstrated. On the other hand,
there was a difference in the ƒ¿ wave mean
amplitudes calculated from Pair A receiver's EEGs between the sending
and non-sending tome zones that was judged significant
at the 5 % level of significance
(one-tailed) at one point (O2) in the period 20 to 25 seconds after
the start of the sending and non-sending times. Likewise,
there was a difference for Pair B at one
point (Pz) in the 20 nto 25 second period from the start, at three
points (Fp2, F7, F8) in the 30 to 35 second period and at one point
(O2) in the 50 to 55 second period.
These results suggest that extrasensory information is transferred
between the subjects' subconscious.
The reactions for this extrasensory transfer of information occur
first in the occipital to parietal regions and next in the right
frontal regions of the receivers. The occipital
is a visual region, while the frontal region is concerned with
integration. Since the extrasensory transfer of visual onformation was
attempted in this experiment, one
hypotesis is that the visual regions react first and compose visual
information. This is followed by the integration regions reacting to
the information. However, the ƒ¿
wave differences were 10 seconds or more between the reactions in the
visual and frontal regions. Thus, these reactions are different from
those of ordinary conscious
recognition.

Comparisons of the significant changes in the receivers and senders of
the differences of the ƒ¿ wave mean amplitudes obtained from the EEGs
between the sending
and non-sending times indicate that there is no correlation between
the senders and receivers. This shows that the extrasensory transfer
of information in the subject's
subconscious suggested in this experiment is not completed
instantaneously.

Publication:
Hirasawa, M., Yamamoto, M., Kawano, K., Furukawa, A., and Yasuda, N.:
J. Int. Soc. Life Info. Sci., 14: 185-195, 1996.



4.An Experiment on Remote Action against Man in Sense Shielding
Condition

Mikio Yamamoto, Masahiko Hirasawa, Kimiko Kawano¡ö, Nakahiro
Yasuda and Akira Furukawa (¡öNippon Medical School)

Keywords: qi-gong, tohate, sense shielding, suggestion, extrasensory


¡¡Some masters of qigong (Chinese traditional arts for health) can
perform a tohate that makes an opponent step back rapidly
without being touched. In this study, a
master performed tohates for his pupil, when the master and pupil were
in separate rooms, one on the 2nd floor, and the other
on the 5th floor, of a building. The
master's acting time and his pupil's response time were recorded
separately. One trial consisted of 3 tohates being performed
in 3 min at intervals of 20 s or more. A
total of 16 trials were made.

¡¡Fig.1 illustrates the frequency distribution of time differences
between the master's acting time and his pupil's response
time of the tohates during 16 trials. Time
differences of less than 1 s were observed 6 times (one time in each
of 6 trials). The probability of the student stepping
back during the 3 tohates in one trial within 1 s is
0.11. The probability that the event described above would
accidentally occur in 6 trials or more among the 16 trials is
0.0058. This calculation may imply that all tohates
do not depend on the master's suggestion and these is some unknown
transmission of the master's acting, since the above
result is significant for an approximate
synchronous timing between acting and response.

¡¡Fig.2 shows an averaged amplitude topograph of ¦Á wave of the EEG of
the qigong master at rest. There exists an area of
higher amplitudes at the center of the
frontal region. It is known that ¦Á wave amplitudes at the center of
the frontal region increase, particularly when a
subject is concentrating.

[Publications]
Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M., Kawano, K., Yasuda, N. and Furukawa, A.:
J. Int. Soc. Life Information Science, 14, 97-101, 1996.

Fig.1 Frequency distribution of time differences between acting time
and response time.

Fig.2 Averaged amplitude topograph of ¦Á wave of the EEG of the qigong
master at rest.

.3
Measurement of Physiological States during Qigong


Hideaki Sakaida, Hideyuki Kokubo, Mikio Yamamoto, Masahiko Hirasawa
and Kimiko
Kawano*
(*ANippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan)

Keywords: various simultaneous measurements (VSM), respiration,
photoplethysmogram,
electrodermal activity, electroencephalogram, alpha wave, qigong

Modern scientific research on qigong started in 1978 in China. We
have tried to measure the
physiological state emitting qi during qigong by Various Simultaneous
Measurements (VSM).
The difference between emitting qi during qigong and at rest, and
moreover the change while
emitting qi during qigong, were measured.
The subject was a healthy woman, 32 years old who had practiced
Tai-ji-quan and
Tong-bei-quan-qigong for about 1.5 years about 5 years ago.
Measurement were done at
pre-rest for 2.5 minutes, emitting qi for 2 minutes and post-rest for
2 minutes. Measurement
items were RSP (ReSPiration), PPG (PhotoPlethysmoGram), EDA
(ElectroDermal Activity), 2
poles of EEG (ElectroEncephaloGram) (Fp1, Fp2). RSP was measured on
the abdomen. PPG
was measured for the right-hand middle finger. EDA was measured
between the index finger
and the third finger of the right-hand. Based on the international
electrode guiding method (10-20
method), EEG was measured with the single pole guiding method.
Reference electrode was
placed on an earlobe. The grounding electrode was Fpz.
Results from separately analyzing each item showed periods of RSP and
PPG lengthened, the
EDA value increased and a peak appeared, and the alpha wave amplitude
increased while
emitting qi during qigong as compared to at rest. In the emitting qi
trial, after the EDA peak,
periods of RSP and PPG became short and the alpha wave amplitude
decreased.
Because the subject consciously made the period of RSP long at the
time of emitting qi during
qigong, this was seen in the data as a matter of course. EDA
suggested that the subject was
straining while emitting qi. This may be the result of passive
concentrating and imaging emitting
qi. It has been reported that the alpha wave of the front head
increases at the time of
concentrated consciousness such as when doing mental arithmetic. So
the increase may be a
result of passive concentration.

Publication:
Sakaida, H., Kokubo, H., Yamamoto, M., Hirasawa, M. and Kawano, K.:
J. Int. Soc. Life Info.
Sci., 16, 29-41, 1998.