Thanks Phil ,

I belive that our friend has been fixed up , by the
repair man who has used some of her memory to put on an old machine . so
all is well . thanks all the same..

Love and Light Jed




----- Original Message -----
From: <GeoNeff@...>
To: <biosonic@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 2003 4:28 AM
Subject: [biosonic] Black Hole Sound Waves.....NASA'S Chandra X-ray
Observatory


>
>
>
>
> Black Hole Sound Waves
>
>
>
> Sound waves 57 octaves lower than middle-C are rumbling away from a
> supermassive black hole in
> the Perseus cluster.
>
>
>
> Listen to this story via <A
HREF="http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/images/blackholesounds/audio/s
tory.m3u">streaming audio</A>, a <A
HREF="http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/images/blackholesounds/audio/s
tory.mp3">downloadable file</A>, or <A
HREF="http://science.nasa.gov/info/audio.htm">get help</A>.
>
> Sept. 9, 2003: Astronomers using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory have
found,
> for the first time, sound waves from a supermassive black hole. The "note"
is
> the deepest ever detected from any object in our Universe. The tremendous
> amounts of energy carried by these sound waves may solve a longstanding
problem
> in astrophysics.
>
> The black hole resides in the Perseus cluster of galaxies located 250
million
> light years from Earth. In 2002, astronomers obtained a deep Chandra
> observation that shows ripples in the gas filling the cluster. These
ripples are
> evidence for sound waves that have traveled hundreds of thousands of light
years
> away from the cluster's central black hole.
>
> Right: The <A
HREF="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980815.html">Perseus cluster</A> of
galaxies. Each fuzzy object is a galaxy. Unseen
> is a vast cloud of hot gas filling the cluster. Near the center of it all
> lies a supermassive black hole.
>
>
> <A HREF="http://science.nasa.gov/news/subscribe.htm">
> Sign up for EXPRESS SCIENCE NEWS delivery</A>
>
>
> Earlier observations had revealed the prodigious amounts of light and heat
> created by black holes. "Now we have detected their sound, too," says
Andrew
> Fabian of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge, England, and the leader
of the
> study.
>
> In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole
> translates into the note of B flat. But, a human would have no chance of
hearing this
> cosmic performance because the note is 57 octaves lower than middle-C. For
> comparison, a typical piano contains only about seven octaves. At a
frequency
> over a million billion times deeper than the limits of human hearing, this
is the
> deepest note ever detected from an object in the Universe.
>
> "The Perseus sound waves are much more than just an interesting form of
black
> hole acoustics," says Steve Allen, also of the Institute of Astronomy and
a
> co-investigator in the research. "These sound waves may be the key in
figuring
> out how galaxy clusters, the largest structures in the Universe, grow."
>
>
>
>
>
> Above: Peering into the heart of the Perseus Cluster (left), the Chandra
> X-ray Observatory detected sound waves rippling through the gas (right).
[<A HREF="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2003/perseus/">more</A>]
>
> For years astronomers have tried to understand why there is so much hot
gas
> in galaxy clusters and so little cool gas. Hot gas glowing with X-rays
ought to
> cool because X-rays carry away some of the gas' energy. Dense gas near the
> cluster's center where X-ray emission is brightest should cool the
fastest. As
> the gas cools, say researchers, the pressure should drop, causing gas from
> further out to sink toward the center. Trillions of stars ought to be
forming in
> these gaseous flows.
>
> Yet scant evidence has been found for flows of cool gas or for star
> formation. This forced astronomers to invent several different ways to
explain how gas
> contained in clusters remained hot. None of them were satisfactory.
>
> Black hole sound waves, however, might do the trick.
>
> Previous Chandra observations of the Perseus cluster reveal two vast,
> bubble-shaped cavities extending away from the central black hole. These
cavities
> have been formed by <A
HREF="http://chandra.harvard.edu/chronicle/0402/cosmic_jets/index.html">jets
of material</A> pushing back the cluster gas. The jets,
> which are a counter-intuitive side effect of the black hole gobbling
matter in its
> vicinity, have long been suspected of heating the surrounding gas. But the
> exact mechanism was unknown. The sound waves, seen spreading out from the
> cavities in the recent Chandra observation, could provide this heating
mechanism.
>
> Right: an illustration of cavities and sound waves in the hot gas filling
the
> Perseus cluster. [<A
HREF="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2003/perseus/more.html">more</A>]
>
> A tremendous amount of energy is needed to generate the cavities, as much
as
> the combined energy from 100 million supernovas. Much of this energy is
> carried by the sound waves and should dissipate in the cluster gas,
keeping the gas
> warm and possibly preventing a cooling flow. If so, the B-flat pitch of
the
> sound wave, 57 octaves below middle-C, would have remained roughly
constant for
> about 2.5 billion years.
>
> Perseus is the brightest cluster of galaxies in X-rays, and therefore was
a
> perfect Chandra target for finding sound waves rippling through the hot
cluster
> gas. Other clusters show X-ray cavities, and future Chandra observations
may
> yet detect sound waves in those clusters, too.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
>
>
>
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