Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | (Oriental Sore, Aleppo Boil)
After an incubation period of a few days to several months, the
protozoal parasit (Leishmania tropica), usually transmitted by
mosquito bites (Phlebotomus sandflies), produced small, itching,
prple papules which grandually develop into nodules or indurated disk-
like lesions with brownish marginal zones (Fig. 71). Sharply
circumscribed, round punched-out ulcers with indurated borders are
frequently seen. Infiltrated Lesions may simulate a syphilitic
chancre; crusted ulcers are suggestive of pyodermas. The disease is
common in the Middle East and in tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and
America,. It is limited to the skin, and occurs principally on
exposed areas of children and young adults. Spontaneous remission
often occurs after several months, leaving immunity. Diagnostic tests
include demonstration of the parasite in smears obtained by
curetting, and a delayed response to the leishmaniasis test.

71 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Isolated, crateriform, ulcerating nodule
on right cheek.

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Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis | (South American Leishmaniasis)

This tropical disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis is
predominant in South America, particularly in wooden regions. The
skin lesions resemble those of cutaneous leishmaniasis; in addition,
there is a moderate tendency to involve the mucous membranes of nose,
mouth and pharynx. The diagnosis is established by skin scrapings and
a delayed reaction to the Montenegro test.


Joseph Kimming . Michael Janner - Pocket Color Atlas of Dermatology -
Georg Thieme Publishers Stuttgart 1975

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