soft drinks and adolescent hyperactivity, mental distress, conduct problems,
Lars Lien, Nanna Lien, Sonja Heyerdahl, Mayne Thoresen, Espen Bjertness 2006
Oct., A J Pub Health: Murray 2006.10.21
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1376

Am J Public Health. 2006 Oct; 96(10): 1815-20.
Consumption of Soft Drinks and Hyperactivity, Mental Distress, and Conduct
Problems Among Adolescents in Oslo, Norway
Lars Lien, MD, MSc, lars.lien@...,
Nanna Lien, PhD, nanna.lien@...,
Sonja Heyerdahl, PhD,
Magne Thoresen, PhD and
Espen Bjertness, PhD
The authors are with the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Lars Lien and Espen Bjertness are with the
Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology,
Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine.
Nanna Lien is with the
Department for Nutritional Research,
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences.
Magne Thoresen is with the
Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences.
Sonja Heyerdahl is with the
Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Correspondence:
Requests for reprints should be sent to Lars Lien, MD, MSc,
Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Oslo,
PO Box 1130, Blindern 0138 Oslo, Norway

Objectives.
We examined whether high levels of consumption of sugar-containing soft drinks
were associated with mental distress, hyperactivity, and conduct problems among
adolescents.

Methods.
A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted with 10th-grade students
in Oslo, Norway (n = 5498).
We used the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire to assess mental health outcomes.

Results.
There was a J-shaped dose–response relationship between soft drink consumption
and mental distress, conduct problems, and total mental health difficulties
score;
that is, adolescents who did not consume soft drinks had higher scores
(indicating worse symptoms) than those who consumed soft drinks at moderate
levels but lower scores than those with high consumption levels.

The relationship was linear for hyperactivity.

In a logistic regression model, the association between soft drink consumption
and mental health problems remained significant after adjustment for behavioral,
social, and food-related variables.

The highest adjusted odds ratios were observed for conduct problems among boys
and girls who consumed 4 or more glasses of sugar-containing soft drinks per
day.

Conclusions.
High consumption levels of sugar-containing soft drinks were associated with
mental health problems among adolescents even after adjustment for possible
confounders.
PMID: 17008578
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"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority,
to actively find, quickly share, and positively act upon the facts
about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment."

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@...
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 78 members, 1,376 posts in a public, searchable archive
http://RMForAll.blogspot.com

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1340
aspartame groups and books: updated research review of 2004.07.16:
Murray 2006.05.11


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1374
47 UK Members of Parliament now support aspartame ban initiative
of Roger Williams, MP: Murray 2006.10.16

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1306
ban aspartame speech, Roger Williams MP, UK Parliament 2005.12.14:
www.TheyWorkForYou.com: Murray 2006.02.20

www.additivesout.org.uk Additives Survivors' Network (UK)
additivesout@...
Geoff Brewer geoffbrewer@...
63 Downlands Road, DEVIZES, Wiltshire, SN10 5EF UK
Joanna Clarke BSc. AIBMS MIBiol. CBiol.
asn@...
Scottish Co-ordinator Additives Survivors' Network
35 Hamilton Drive, GLASGOW, G12 8DW

http://members.tripod.com/~mission_possible/scotland_branch.html
Alan Law webmaster@mission_possible_mail.zzn.com
Thurso, Caithness KW14 7SH United Kingdom

http://www.fedupwithfoodadditives.info/ an excellent group
These web pages provide:
independent information about the effects of food on behaviour,
health and learning ability in both children and adults.
support for families using a low-chemical elimination diet free of
additives, low in salicylates, amines and flavour enhancers (FAILSAFE)
for health, behaviour and learning problems.
Food Intolerance Network, Sue Dengate sdengate@...
http://www.fedupwithfoodadditives.info/biodata.htm


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1094
the 11% methanol component of aspartame becomes formaldehyde,
now ruled a carcinogen by WHO International Agency
for Research on Cancer: Murray 2004.06.16

"Survey of aspartame studies: correlation of outcome and funding
sources," 1998, unpublished: http://www.dorway.com/peerrev.html
Walton found 166 separate published studies in the peer reviewed
medical literature, which had relevance for questions of human safety.
The 74 studies funded by industry all (100 %) attested to aspartame's
safety, whereas of the 92 non-industry funded studies, 84 (91 %)
identified a problem. Six of the seven non-industry funded studies
that were favorable to aspartame safety were from the FDA, which
has a public record that shows a strong pro-industry bias.
Ralph G. Walton, MD, Prof. of Clinical Psychology, Northeastern Ohio
Universities, College of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Youngstown,
OH 44501, Chairman, The Center for Behavioral Medicine,
Northside Medical Center, 500 Gypsy Lane, P.O. Box 240
Youngstown, OH 44501 330-740-3621 rwalton193@...
http://www.neoucom.edu/DEPTS/Psychiatry/walton.htm

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/805
Ive: UK Daily Mirror Magazine: aspartame toxicity:
Murray 2002.02.18

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1271
combining aspartame and quinoline yellow, or MSG and brilliant blue,
harms nerve cells, eminent C. Vyvyan Howard et al, 2005
education.guardian.co.uk, Felicity Lawrence: Murray 2005.12.21

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1277
50% UK baby food is now organic -- aspartame or MSG
with food dyes harm nerve cells, CV Howard 3 year study
funded by Lizzy Vann, CEO, Organix Brands,
Children's Food Advisory Service: Murray 2006.01.13


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1279
all three aspartame metabolites harm human erythrocyte [red blood cell]
membrane enzyme activity, KH Schulpis et al, two studies in 2005,
Athens, Greece, 2005.12.14: 2004 research review, RL Blaylock:
Murray 2006.01.14

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1366
toxicity in rat brains from aspartame, Vences-Mejia A, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ et al
2006 Aug: Murray 2006.09.06

aspartame rat brain toxicity re cytochrome P450 enzymes, expecially
CYP2E1, Vences-Mejia A, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ et al, 2006 Aug,
Hum Exp Toxicol: relevant abstracts re formaldehyde from methanol
in alcohol drinks: Murray 2006.09.29
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1373


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1375
healthy diet, vitamins, and fish oil help reduce depression and violence,
studies by Joseph Hibbeln, Bernard Gesch, and Stephen Schoenthaler, articles by
Felicity Lawrence in UK Guardian Unlimited and Pat Thomas in The Ecologist:
Murray 2006.10.21

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1369
Bristol, Connecticut, schools join state program to limit artificial
sweeteners, sugar, fats for 8800 students, Johnny J Burnham, The Bristol
Press: Murray 2006.09.22

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1341
Connecticut bans artificial sweeteners in schools, Nancy Barnes,
New Milford Times: Murray 2006.05.25

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1353
carcinogenic effect of inhaled formaldehyde, Federal Institute of Risk
Assessment, Germany -- same safe level as for Canada:
Murray 2006.06.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1352
Home sickness -- indoor air often worse, as our homes seal in pollutants
[one is formaldehyde, also from the 11% methanol part of aspartame],
Megan Gillis, WinnipegSun.com: Murray 2006.06.01


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M
et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are
degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke:
Murray 2005.04.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1349
NIH NLM ToxNet HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank
inadequate re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid):
Murray 2006.08.19

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~HwoSfJ:1
HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank: Aspartame

ASPARTAME CASRN: 22839-47-0
METHANOL CASRN: 67-56-1
FORMALDEHYDE CASRN: 50-00-0
FORMIC ACID CASRN: 64-18-6

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1307
formaldehyde from 11% methanol part of aspartame or from red wine
causes same toxicity (hangover) harm: Murray 2006.05.24

Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide
similar levels of methanol, above 120 mg daily, for
long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans.

Within hours, methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde,
and thence largely into formic acid -- the major causes of the dreaded
symptoms of "next morning" hangover.

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame
in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg
methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned
into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg,
is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in
drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water.

Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly
and largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be
monitored, especially for high responsibility occupations, often with
night shifts, such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052
DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds methanol 98 mg/L
( becomes formaldehyde in body ): EU Scientific Committee on Foods
2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22

http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@...
Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold
12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html
"Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research"

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1371
Russell L. Blaylock, MD discusses MSG, aspartame, excitotoxins
with Mike Adams: Murray 2006.09.27

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1372
Mike Adams interviews Randall Fitzgerald on "The Hundred Year Lie:
How Food and Medicine are Destroying Your Health" 2006.06.21:
Murray 2006.09.28
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