toxicity in rat brains from aspartame, Vences-Mejia A, Espinosa-Aguirre
JJ et al 2006 Aug: Murray 2006.09.06
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1366


http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sage/het/2006/00000025/00000008/art00003;j\
sessionid=1gvj4x5wdhbke.alice

Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Aug; 25(8): 453-9.
The effect of aspartame on rat brain xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
Vences-Mejia A 1,
Labra-Ruiz N 1,
Hernandez-Martinez N 1,
Dorado-Gonzalez V 1,
Gomez-Garduno J 1,
Perez-Lopez I 1,
Nosti-Palacios R 1,
Camacho Carranza R 2,
Espinosa-Aguirre JJ 2.
Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica,
1: Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Insurgentes Sur, 3700-C,
04530 Mexico, DF Mexico.
2: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228,
Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México, D.F., México
http://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/index.asp

[ Dra. Araceli Vences M
CF41018
Jefa de Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica
6° P de Hospital Laboratorios
10 84 09 00 Ext.1410 -1448 aritaven@...

ISRAEL PÉREZ LÓPEZ,

JAVIER J. ESPINOSA AGUIRRE,
http://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/investigacionFrame.asp?ID=MG
JESUS J ESPINOSA AGUIRRE jjea@... ]

This study demonstrates that chronic aspartame (ASP) consumption leads
to an increase of phase I metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 (CYP))
in rat brain.
Wistar rats were treated by gavage with ASP at daily doses of 75 and 125
mg/kg body weight for 30 days.
Cerebrum and cerebellum were used to obtain microsomal fractions to
analyse activity and protein levels of seven cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Increases in activity were consistently found with the 75 mg/kg dose
both in cerebrum and cerebellum for all seven enzymes,
although not at the same levels:
CYP 2E1-associated 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase (4-NPH) activity was
increased 1.5-fold in cerebrum and 25-fold in cerebellum;
likewise, CYP2B1-associated penthoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD)
activity increased 2.9- and 1.7-fold respectively,
CYP2B2-associated benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD)
4.5- and 1.1-fold,
CYP3A-associated erythromycin N-demethylase (END) 1.4- and 3.3-fold,
CYP1A1-associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) 5.5- and 2.8-fold,
and CYP1A2-associated methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD)
3.7- and 1.3-fold.
Furthermore, the pattern of induction of CYP immunoreactive proteins by
ASP paralleled that of 4-NHP-, PROD-, BROD-, END-, EROD- and
MROD-related activities only in the cerebellum.
Conversely, no differences in CYP concentration and activity
were detected in hepatic microsomes of treated animals
with respect to the controls,
suggesting a brain-specific response to ASP treatment.
PMID: 16937917
Aug 14 2006 08:07:58


Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2000 Dec; 9(1-2): 31-37.
Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes
by albendazole treatment in the rat.
Asteinza J,
Camacho-Carranza R,
Reyes-Reyes RE,
Dorado-Gonzalez V V,
Espinosa-Aguirre JJ.
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico,
Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria,
DF 04510, Mexico, Mexico

The anthelmintic drug albendazole (ABZ),
methyl(5-(propylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate,
is a benzimidazole
highly efficient in the treatment of neurocysticercosis.
The effects of ABZ treatment (i.p. and p.o. administration)
on the expression of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were
evaluated in rat liver in order to characterize the spectrum
of altered CYP enzymes involved in the metabolism of environmental
mutagens and carcinogens, after drug intake.
Intraperitoneal administration of ABZ
(50 mg/kg body weight/day/three days in corn oil) to rats,
caused an induction of hepatic activities of
CYP1A1-associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) 65 fold,
CYP1A2-associated methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) 6 fold,
CYP2B1-associated penthoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) 4 fold,
CYP2B2-associated benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) 14 fold,
as well as a partial reduction of CYP2E1-associated 4-nitrophenol
hydroxylase (4-NPH) activity.
CYP3A-associated erythromycin N-demethylase (END) activity was not
modified under the same treatment conditions.
Western blot analysis was conducted to explore if the increased
catalytic activity was a result of an increased protein content;
only CYP1A1/2 showed a visible increase in protein concentration after
ABZ inoculation,
therefore, the increased PROD and BROD activities could be attributed to
the induction of CYP1A1/2.
Results with the two main metabolites of ABZ (15 mg/kg body
weight/day/three days, i.p.) indicated that ABZ sulfoxide (ABZSO)
but not ABZ sulfone (ABZSO(2))
displayed the same pattern of CYP induction than ABZ.
Oral administration of ABZ at the human therapeutic dose of 20 mg/kg
body weight/day/three days, produced an increase in CYP1A1/2 protein
content 24 h after the first intake.
The protein level remained high during the treatment,
and up to 72 h after the last administration;
basal protein levels were almost recovered 48 h later.
PMID: 11137466


http://www.wisard.org/wisard/shared/asp/generalinfoserver/Intermediate.asp?Insti\
tutionID=10052

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México:
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas
Address: 04510
Phone: (+52 - 56) 223864 Fax: (+52 - 56) 223864
Contact: Espitia, Clara (Dr) E-mail: espitia@...
HomePage: http://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/html/sobre.htm
to the projects executed (1)

Description:
The Institute was founded in 1941 as the Laboratory of Medical and
Biological Studies of the School of Medicine, at its old Santo Domingo
site. Along its more than 50 years of uninterrupted work the Institute
of Biomedical Research has had a strong national impact on the
development of Physiology, Biochemistry, Immunology, Biotechnology and
Molecular Biology. It has also been crucial in the formation of human
resources specialized in diverse areas of human knowledge.

This Institute has produced more than 2000 publications in national and
international journals, and many books and reviews. It has also secured
patents and technological developments, mainly in the fields of health
and food science. It has fostered research groups that have grown into
independent entities, contributing thus to the growth and
decentralization of science in our country. Examples are the Institute
of Biotechnology and the Center of Nitrogen Fixation, both at
Cuernavaca, Morelos, and the Center of Neurobiology, in the city of
Queretaro, which originated out of the Institute of Biomedical Research.
The scientific policies of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
have also been influenced by this Institute, which has given rise to one
Dean (Rector) of the University and three Coordinators of Scientific
Research.

Currently the Institute has 75 career scientists, 72 academic
technicians, and 124 administrative employees. It is constituted by the
Departments of Biotechnology, Cell Biology, Genetics and Environmental
Toxicology, Immunology, Medicine, Molecular Biology, and Physiology.

Parent institution / sub-unit(s):
UNAM: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas

Classification:
Legal status Governmental
Mandate/ focus of activity Research
Sector Agriculture (incl. fishery), Health and population
Entry Date: October 2002
*******************************************************

unexamined diet research cofactors: formaldehyde from tobacco and wood
smoke, it also forms from methanol in dark wines and liquors and 11%
methanol part of aspartame: Murray 2006.09.06


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1340
aspartame groups and books: updated research review of 2004.07.16:
Murray 2006.05.11


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1341
Connecticut bans artificial sweeteners in schools, Nancy Barnes,
New Milford Times: Murray 2006.05.25

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1353
carcinogenic effect of inhaled formaldehyde, Federal Institute of Risk
Assessment, Germany -- same safe level as for Canada:
Murray 2006.06.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1352
Home sickness -- indoor air often worse, as our homes seal in pollutants
[one is formaldehyde, also from the 11% methanol part of aspartame],
Megan Gillis, WinnipegSun.com: Murray 2006.06.01


"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority,
to actively find, quickly share, and positively act upon the facts
about healthy and safe food, drink, and environment."

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@...
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 75 members, 1,366 posts in a public, searchable archive
http://RMForAll.blogspot.com


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M
et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are
degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke:
Murray 2005.04.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1349
NIH NLM ToxNet HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank
inadequate re aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid):
Murray 2006.08.19

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~HwoSfJ:1
HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank: Aspartame

ASPARTAME CASRN: 22839-47-0
METHANOL CASRN: 67-56-1
FORMALDEHYDE CASRN: 50-00-0
FORMIC ACID CASRN: 64-18-6

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1307
formaldehyde from 11% methanol part of aspartame or from red wine
causes same toxicity (hangover) harm: Murray 2006.05.24

Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide
similar levels of methanol, above 120 mg daily, for
long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans.

Within hours, methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde,
and thence largely into formic acid -- the major causes of the dreaded
symptoms of "next morning" hangover.

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame
in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg
methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned
into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg,
is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in
drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water.

Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly
and largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be
monitored, especially for high responsibility occupations, often with
night shifts, such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators.

http://www.HolisticMed.com/aspartame mgold@...
Aspartame Toxicity Information Center Mark D. Gold
12 East Side Drive #2-18 Concord, NH 03301 603-225-2100

http://www.holisticmed.com/aspartame/abuse/methanol.html
"Scientific Abuse in Aspartame Research"
*******************************************************