http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1242
supports New Mexico Board of Pharmacy ban on aspartame and mercury,
Joachim Mutter, PhD, University of Freiburg, autism and mercury in thimerosal
in infant vaccines, Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005 October:
Murray 2005.11.08

From: "Stephen Fox" stephen@...
To: rmforall@...
Subject: Fw: Letter regarding neurotoxins in medicine
Date: Thursday, November 03, 2005 8:59 AM

---------- Forwarded Message -----------

From: "Joachim Mutter" <jmutter@...>
To: wstorey1960@..., ABuesingRPh@..., cross@...
Cc: hshaver@..., buffie.saavedra@...,
delnortelvnm@..., IBGEM66@..., william.harvey@...,
carrierbox@...,
stephen@...
Sent: Thu, 3 Nov 2005 10:53:09 +0100
Subject: Letter regarding neurotoxins in medicine

TO: WOODROW STOREY,R.PH.
CHAIRMAN, NEW MEXICO PHARMACEUTICAL BOARD

AMY BUESING, R.PH.
VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD

RUDY NOLASCO, R.PH.
THOMAS ORTEGA, R.PH.
BUFFIE SAAVEDRA
ALLEN CARRIER
DANNY CROSS, R.PH.
BRENDA PADILLA, R.PH.
HOWARD SHAVER

MR. CHAIRMAN, MADAME VICE CHAIR, AND MEMBERS OF THE BOARD:

Please take the time to read the attached medical article of mine, in
collaboration with others (see attachments).

The issue of mercury as a cause of autism is a very serious one, and one
which is regrettable "swept-under-the-rug" in American newspapers and in the
minds of American physicians, perhaps to the delight of the manufacturers
thereof.

I assure that it is not being similarly ignored in most of the nations of
Europe.

This is nonetheless a growing and staggering problem for children in the
United States, which you must deal with honestly and directly as soon as you
can, as early as your next meeting!

There is no reason whatsoever that mercury is added, other than its
quasi-antibiotic effect, which is horribly outweighed by its enormous and
obvious neurotoxic and neurodegenerative effects.

There are many other antibiotic preservatives/additives for vaccines
which are readily available.

Combined with the assault on children's nervous systems and developing brain
from a host of other vectors,
many of which began in the prenatal development of the child,
especially if the mother used or uses aspartame, another neurotoxin,
in conjunction with the ever present brain tumor causing agent,
diketopiperazine, alcohol, excessive caffeine, et.alia.,
the children in many nations, particularly yours,
are facing very serious and unprecedented
neurological damage at a very early age.

There can be no other major nor more significant factor in all of this than
mercury/Thimerosal in vaccines.

I heartily support this petition and any and all efforts you can make to
bring this to an end in New Mexico, for both Aspartame and Thimerosal.

No matter whether the FDA has approved both of these neurotoxins, or not,
I am sure that you recognize that you have a much higher legal obligation to
protect the citizens of New Mexico, their health, and especially that of the
children of New Mexico.

If no one else is going to protect them, who is going to?

Clearly the FDA and the manufacturers are not going to, haven't done so,
and will never do so.

The mythology of FDA preemption is a ruinous one,
which is so reprehensible, that it is indeed obviously crumbling,
in federal courts, in federal liability judgments, and in the minds of
almost all thinking Americans.

The flaws in the FDA procedures are so serious and so rampant that they
cannot be repaired,
not by your congressman or senator,
and not by any decision in both Houses of your Legislative Branches,
which I believe to be impossible.

I am certain that the efforts must concentrate and originate at the state
levels,
and I strongly encourage you to move forward with this ban:
not just another academician''s polite warning,
not labeling, not informed consent,
but a total cease and desist on these two egregious neurotoxic scourges of
modern health,
mercury in vaccines, and the artificial sweetener, aspartame,
found presently in hundreds of children's vitamins and medications,
two of the most egregious neurotoxins faced by modern man.

The manufacturers will clearly object
(they may even be shocked into rapid compliance in advance),
but their objections will ring hollow and be obviously false to you,
when you have mastered the real truth a priori.

I wish you the very best in your deliberations.

If I can be of further assistance, please let me know at your earliest
convenience.

Sincerely, Joachim Mutter, M.D.

Dr. Joachim Mutter, MD
Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology
University Hospital Freiburg
Hugstetter Str. 55 79106 Freiburg Germany
Phone: ++49-761-270-5484(9) Fax: ++49-761-270-5440
e-mail: jmutter@...
____________________________________________________________

Woodrow Storey, R.Ph.
Albuquerque, NM Bus: 505-761-8005 Fax: 505-761-8030
wstorey1960@... Central District Board Chairman

Amy Buesing, R.Ph. ABuesingRPh@...

Danny Cross, R.Ph. cross@...

Howard Shaver hshaver@...

Buffie Saavedra buffie.saavedra@...

Rudy Nolasco, R.Ph. delnortelvnm@...

Brenda Padilla, R.Ph. IBGEM66@...

Thomas Ortega, R.Ph. Grants, NM in care of william.harvey@...

Allen Carrier carrierbox@...

------- End of Forwarded Message -------
************************************************************

page 431

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 26 No. 5, October 2005
Copyright © 2005 Neuroendocrinology Letters ISSN 0172-780X www.nel.edu

Mercury and autism: Accelerating Evidence?

Joachim Mutter*, jmutter@...
Johannes Naumann*, johannes.naumann@...
Rainer Schneider* 1, rainer.schneider@...
[ 270-7225, 270-7224. rschneider@... ]
Harald Walach* 1,2 harald.walach@... 01604-892392
& Boyd Haley 3 behaley@...

* Institute for Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University
Hospital Freiburg, Germany
1 Samueli Institute, European O.ce, Freiburg, Germany
2 School of Social Sciences, University of Northampton, United Kingdom
3 Department of Chemistry, Lexington, University of Kentucky, USA
Correspondence to: Joachim Mutter
Institute for Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology
University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55
79106 Freiburg, GERMANY

PHONE: ++49-761-270-5489
FAX: ++49-761-270-5440
EMAIL: joachim.mutter@...

Submitted: September 25, 2005 Accepted: September 27, 2005
Key words: autism; developmental disorders; ethyl mercury; dental amalgam;
mercury; thimerosal; neurotoxicity; estrogen; testosterone; methylation;
glutathion
Neuroendocrinol Lett 2005 October; 26(5): 431-224 PMID: ---------
NEL260405A00 ©
Neuroendocrinology Letters www.nel.edu

[ johannes.naumann@...
(0761) 270-5489 international call +49-761-270-5489

59 Haley B.
Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of Autistic children.
Immunization safety review: Vaccines and autism.
Institute of Medicine, Febr. 9, (2004). Available from: URL:
http://www.iom.edu/subpage.asp?id=18065 [cited 2005, September 20].

E-mail behaley@... Title Regular Faculty Department Chemistry
Address A057 ASTeCC Building 0286 Phone 859 257-2300 x246
Fullname Boyd E Haley

http://www.toxicteeth.org/old_web_site/haley-CV.html Boyd E. Haley
BOYD E. HALEY, Ph.D. Born 22-09-40 Greensburg, Indiana
ADDRESS: Advanced Science Technology Commercialization Center, ASTeCC Room
A057 University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506-0286
Laboratory: Telephone; (606) 257-2300 ext 246 FAX; (606) 257-3040
Chemistry Office: Telephone; (606) 257-7082
http://www.toxicteeth.org/advisoryCommitee.cfm
http://www.safeminds.org/ sbernard@...
254 Trickum Creek Road Tyrone, GA 30290 Telephone: 404-934-0777

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/629
brilliant testimony to Congress on health fraud re dental amalgam mercury
and Alzheimers, Boyd E Haley, Part 1/2: Murray 2001.06.12 ]


Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 26, No. 5, October 2005
Copyright © Neuroendocrinology Letters ISSN 0172-780X www.nel.edu


Abstract

The causes of autism and neurodevelopmental disorders are unknown. Genetic
and environmental risk factors seem to be involved.
Because of an observed increase in autism in the last decades,
which parallels cumulative mercury exposure,
it was proposed that autism may be in part caused by mercury.
We review the evidence for this proposal.
Several epidemiological studies failed to find a correlation between mercury
exposure through thimerosal,
a preservative used in vaccines,
and the risk of autism.
Recently, it was found that autistic children had a higher mercury exposure
during pregnancy due to maternal dental amalgam and
thimerosal-containing immunoglobulin shots.
It was hypothesized that children with autism have a decreased
detoxification capacity due to genetic polymorphism.
In vitro, mercury and thimerosal in levels found several days after
vaccination
inhibit methionine synthetase (MS) by 50%.
Normal function of MS is crucial in biochemical steps necessary for brain
development, attention and production of glutathione,
an important antioxidative and detoxifying agent.
Repetitive doses of thimerosal leads to neurobehavioral deteriorations in
autoimmune susceptible mice,
increased oxidative stress and decreased intracellular levels of glutathione
in vitro.
Subsequently, autistic children have significantly decreased level of
reduced glutathione.
Promising treatments of autism involve detoxification of mercury,
and supplementation of deficient metabolites.

Abbreviations

MTHFR methylentetrahydrofolate reductase
Hg mercury
DMSA dimercaptosuccinic acid
DMPS sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate
MS methionine synthetase
ASD autism spectrum disorders

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD),
first described in 1943 in eleven children born in the 1930s,
have increased worldwide [1,2,3,4].

All forms of mercury are neurotoxic,
especially during brain development [5,6].

Thus, some authors assume that the increase of autism might be

page 432

caused by the worldwide increase of mercury exposure through fish and
industrial sources,
amalgam [7] and
additionally, through increased parenteral exposure to
ethylmercurithiosalicate (thimerosal),
first introduced by Eli Lilly 1931 as a preservative in vaccinations
[1,2,8].

Especially, in the U.S.,
the prevalence of autism became endemic with an increase of about
5 in 10,000 to 60 in 10,000 after three additional thimerosal-containing
vaccines were introduced for newborns in the early 1990s,
whereas in most other countries with a much
lower autism prevalence, like Germany or Denmark,
thimerosal in vaccines was reduced at the same time.

In California,
the autism rate increased by 634% between 1987 and 2002,
which cannot be attributed to shifts in
the interpretation of diagnostic criteria,
migration
or improved diagnostic accuracies [3,4,9].

Other developmental and behavioural disorders
like attention deficit disorders (ADD)
or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
have also increased up to 1 out of every 6 children in the U.S. [10,11].

It should be noted that in the 1990s,
newborns until age of 6 months were regularly exposed
to a cumulative thimerosal dose of 187.5 µg [12].

This situation seems to resemble the epidemy of Acrodynia in the last
century, which affected up to 1 of 500 infants in some industrial countries.
After removing a frequently used teething powder, which contained
mercury as calomel (Hg2Cl2), acrodynia disappeared.

Interestingly, calomel is one of the less toxic forms of mercury when given
orally
and mercury chlorid (HgCl), a more toxic form of inorganic mercury,
is about 100-fold less toxic than ethyl mercury to neurones in vitro [13].

Beside exposure to teething powders,
it was reported in 1953 that immunisations with thimerosal containing
vaccines preceded the onset of acrodynia in several cases [14].

It was not until 1999 that an elimination of thimerosal in vaccines
was recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service
and the American Academy of Paediatrics.

Despite the recommendation, the CDC recommends
thimerosal-containing flu vaccines and tetanus boosters
and even the WHO promotes the use of thimerosal in
vaccinations in border- or undeveloped countries [15].

It is of public interest to ask, why thimerosal and dental amalgam,
which both consists of about 50% of the most toxic nonradioactive element
[16] and, in the case of amalgam, additionally of other heavy metals (eg.
tin, copper, silver, zinc), have been used since 70 and 170 years,
respectively, and, have been allowed to bypass toxicological testing.

It must be noted that until today no controlled, randomized study regarding
the safety of amalgam or thimerosal exists.

Such a future study should consider mercury exposure through pregnancy and
vaccinations,
because these exposures seem to be crucial
in the pathogenesis of autism [17,18].

Furthermore, there is no single study, which compares the health of
individuals exposed- versus never exposed to mercury
(from amalgam or thimerosal) with the exception of the
one by Mortada et al. [19].

As was shown by the recent debate regarding the as yet unrecognized profound
adverse side effects of hormone replacement therapy,

adverse side effects of hormone replacement therapy,
the lack of a large enough prospective controlled, randomized study
may lead to false conclusions.

Against this background
it is interesting to note that several scientists from the FDA, NIH, and CDC
may have been influenced by vaccine manufacturers or dental boards
[15, 20-24].

Despite this information, the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. concluded
recently that there is no relationship between thimerosal and autism,
and that no further studies should be conducted to evaluate the
relationship between thimerosal and autism [25].

Thus, it is important to carefully pay attention to published
and unpublished data and note pertinent conflicts of interest.

Search Strategy

The data base Medline was searched using Ovid Technologies,
Version rel 9.1.0 for 1966-30.8.2005 [ August 30, 2005 ]
with keywords (mercur$ or thimerosal or thiomersal or
ethyl mercur$) and (autism or neurodevelopment$ or
neurotoxic$ or autoimmun$).

This search was supplemented from the bibliography of retrieved articles.

Also, we searched the internet using Google.

We performed a multidisciplinary review of the material by researchers
with different leanings and preconceptions.


Reduced mercury levels in hair of autistics despite higher mercury exposure?

Holmes et al. [17] and Hu et al. [26] found that
mercury levels in the first babies' haircut of 94 autistic
children were significantly lower (about 8-fold less) than
in 49 normal controls.

This was unexpected because the autistic children had been exposed to
significantly higher mercury levels through maternal dental amalgam
and thimerosal containing immunoglobulins during pregnancy [17].

In contrast to iatrogenic mercury exposure during pregnancy,
no correlation between maternal fish consumption and the risk of autism for
their children was reported [17].

It was assumed that autistic children do not effectively excrete mercury
from intracellularly to blood during pregnancy and shortly after birth,
thus showing less mercury in first haircut [17].

Further interpretations of the results of Holmes et al. [17] were discussed
recently [18,27,28].

In haircuts from 40 older children with autism,
other authors found elevated levels of mercury, lead and uranium
compared to 40 normal controls [29].

Other toxic metals like aluminium, arsenic, cadmium or beryllium
showed no difference [29].


Enhanced susceptibility, exposure and toxicology to mercury

The process of cysteine and glutathione synthesis,
which are crucial for natural mercury detoxification,
are reduced in autistic children,
possibly due to genetic polymorphisms [13,30].
Therefore, autistics
have 20% lower plasma levels of cysteine
and 54% lower levels of glutathion, which, among others,
adversely affect their

page 433

ability to detoxify and excrete metals like mercury [13,31].
This may lead to higher Hg concentrations in
tissues like the nervous system
and lead also to a longer half-life of mercury,
compared with children with normal levels of cysteine and glutathione
[13,18].

As was shown by Bradstreet and colleagues [15,32]
in a study involving 221 autistics,
vaccinated autistics showed about 6- fold increase in urinary mercury
excretion
compared with normal controls
after appropriate mobilisation with DMSA.
Interestingly, lead and cadmium levels
did not differ between the groups [15,32].

Delayed detoxification of mercury severely impairs
methylation reactions
(like DNA-, RNA-, cobalamin-, protein-, phospholipids-, histones-, and
neurotransmitter-methylation),
which further adversely affects growth factor derived development
of the brain and attention performance.
Phospholipid methylation,
which is crucial for attention,
is impaired in autistic and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [13].

Ethyl mercury in levels reached ten days
after vaccination in an in vivo study [33]
produced an inhibition of methylation
of more than 50% in vitro [13,30].

In vitro studies have also shown that thimerosal was more than 100-fold
more potent than inorganic mercury
in inhibiting such essential methylation reactions [30].

And inorganic mercury was found to be 10-fold more potent than lead
in inhibition of neuronal microtubuli function,
which is crucrial for nerve growth and transport of neurotransmitters
[34,35].

Inorganic mercury also leads to growth inhibition and denudation of neuronal
growth cones [36].
This was seen already 15 min. after exposure to very low levels of inorganic
mercury, levels which were about 100-1000-fold lower than found in brains of
individuals with dental amalgam or Alzheimer's disease [37].

It was also shown in vitro that low concentrations of thimerosal,
which can occur after vaccination,
induce membrane- and DNA-damage and initiate apoptosis in
human neurons [38].

Humphrey and co-workers [39] have shown recently that this apoptosis is
mediated by mitochondria in a in vitro study.

Genotoxic effects were also observed in another in another vitro study [49].

Furthermore, autistics seem to be genetically more susceptible for toxin
derived inhibition of methylation processes [13].

As an example, polymorphism of methylentetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)
gene was more frequent in children with autism [41].
It was assumed consequently that about 15% of the population may show
enhanced susceptibility to mercury exposure [15].

Studies on monkeys have shown that ethyl mercury,
such as mercury vapour,
crosses the cell membrane and is then converted intracellularly to inorganic
mercury (Hg2+),
which accumulates preferentially in the brain and the kidneys [42].

Intracellular accumulation of mercury was shown to be higher for ethyl-
compared to methyl mercury
but clearance rate was higher for ethyl mercury [42].

There were no differences in the toxocinetics of methyl mercury as compared
with i.m. thimerosal in animals [43].

In contrast, another study in immature mice found higher mercury levels
in blood, brain and kidneys after methyl mercury exposure compared to ethyl
mercury exposure [44].
In this study a form of methyl mercury that may be 20 times more toxic that
the one found in fish was used [37].

However, it seems to be likely that toxocinetic studies in mice and monkeys
are not comparable due to metabolic differences.

Mice, in contrast to primates,
for instance, are able to produce grams of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant,
especially when under stress.

Picchichero et al. [33] argue that ethyl mercury
administered through vaccines is eliminated rapidly
from the blood and rapidly excreted in stool.
In this study, only 33 children at age of 2 and 6 month were used for blood
mercury assessment,
thus potentially overlooking individuals with impaired mercury excretion.
Blood levels were obtained days to weeks after vaccination, thus peak levels
could not have been measured.
The mercury dose was much lower than through vaccination in the 1990s.
Nonetheless and somewhat weakly founded,
the authors concluded from this data,
"This study gives comforting reassurance about the
safety of ethyl mercury as a preservative in childhood vaccines" [33].
Others have already criticised this study [45]
or points of possible conflicts of interests [46].

Despite of that, as described above, levels of ethyl mercury found 8 days
after vaccination [33] leads to 50% inhibition of methionine synthetase (MS)
in vitro [13,30].

In contrast to astrocytes or hepatocytes,
neurons are unable to synthesize cysteine,
the rate limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis [47].
Thus, neurons are most sensitive to mercury toxicity since,
as mentioned above, glutathione is the major intracellular agent in
mercury -- and heavy metal detoxification [18].

It is well known that thimerosal and inorganic mercury deplete
intracellular glutathione levels,
which subsequently leads to increased oxidative stress,
neuronal cytotoxicity and death [47-50].

The toxic effects of ethyl mercury seem to be similar to those of methyl
mercury as indicated by James et al. [47].


Autoimmunity and inflammation

An autoimmune pathogenesis of autism,
triggered by bacterial antigens, dietary peptides and mercury was
proposed by Vojdani et al. [51].

Autopsied brains of autistics demonstrated chronic activation of microglia
and astrocytes, thus indicating an autoimmune processes [52].

Note that mercury is a potent inducer of haptene mediated autoimmune
reactions [7,16],
in particular when given repetitively, which is the case in children
exposed early to iatrogenic mercury during pregnancy
(through maternal amalgam and thimerosal)
and then, again after birth through vaccinations.

In autoimmune sensitive mouse strains,
vaccinations with thimerosal in doses and timing equivalent to the
paediatric immunisation schedule of the U.S. in 2001 lead to profound
behavioural and neuropathologic disturbances,
which are comparable to autism [53].
In a preliminary report, the autoimmune reaction persists long after mercury
can no longer be detected [54].
It is important to note that thimerosal doses applied in this study were lower
than the ones given to newborns in the 1990s in the U.S.

It was also shown, that the risk of thimerosal sensitation
is increased in individuals with gene deletions of the
glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 [55].

Recently, it was shown on genetically metal-susceptible mice that,
in contrast to methyl mercury,
thimerosal leads to strong autoimmunity [56,57].

Mercury also increases neurotoxicity of glutamate [37].

Interestingly, microglial activation and enhanced glutamate cytotoxicity has
been described in many neurodegenerative diseases.

As a side note, the risk of multiple sclerosis,
another autoimmune disease,
may be enhanced through additional vaccinations with thimerosal containing
Hepatitis B vaccines [58].


Synergistic toxicity and the role of steorids

In vitro studies point to the possibility that neurotoxicity
of mercury or thimerosal is enhanced through
mercurials but also through neomycin and aluminumhydroxid
(also used in vaccines) and testosterone,
while estrogen decreases the toxic effects [59].

In another study, estrogen is shown to decrease the toxicity of
inorganic mercury on neurones [50].

These observations may explain the 4 to 1 ratio of boys to girls in autism [60]
and leads to possible therapies.

It was also proposed that lead might play a pathogenetic role in
neurodevelopment disorders and autism.

Combination of lead and mercury resulted in a synergistic increase of
toxicity in vitro, respectively [61].


Epidemiological studies

It should be noted that epidemiological studies
and studies using mercury levels in blood and urine,
which do not consider genetic susceptibility factors,
autoimmunity reactions and mercury exposure during
pregnancy (amalgam, thimerosal), are not able to detect
a statistically significant effect, even if there is one.

Nevertheless, some studies have shown a correlation
between mercury exposure and the risk of autism.

Using data from the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS),
Vaccine Safety Data (VSD),
Biological Surveillance Summaries of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
and the U.S. Department of Education datasets,
a significant correlation was found between the risk of neurodevelopmental
disorders
and the cumulative thimerosal dose given parenterally,
which exceeds (11-150 fold) the EPA and FDA
established maximum permitted levels
for the daily oral ingestion of methyl mercury [11,21,62-65].

In a first analysis ("Generation Zero analysis") of the
Vaccine Safety Datalink datasets (VSD),
Verstraeten et al. had described a significant increase of autism risk in
children at one month,
with the highest mercury exposure levels compared with children with no
exposure [22].
In four subsequent separate generations of the analysis,
which involve the exclusion of children with no thimerosal exposure and less
than two polio vaccines, the statistical significance disappeared
[21,22,66].

The prevalence of autism in Amish People,
a population which denie to vaccinate their children, seem to be very low in
comparison to the general prevalence in the U.S. in a preliminary report [67].

However, also other cultural, environmental or behavioural factors might
explain this fact.

Other epidemiological studies did not find an association between thimerosal
containing vaccines and autism in United Kingdom [68]
and in Denmark [69-71].
Most of these studies did not use controls, which were never exposed to
mercury [72].
Additionally, maternal mercury exposure during pregnancy was
not measured.

We analyse a prominent example below.
Madsen et al. [69] compare the number of newly recorded autism cases prior
to 1992, when thimerosal-containing vaccines were used,
with those after 1992,
when such vaccines were no longer produced in Denmark.
The authors observe a rise in autism rates after removal of thimerosal,
and thus conclude that thimerosal plays no role in the aetiology of autism [69].

Some important methodical flaws must be noted in this context:

1. Autism counts were based on hospitalized, inpatient records in the first
cohort and then changed in the middle of the study period (1995) to include
outpatient records.
Therefore, the purported increases after 1994 may be explained by the
additional recruitment of an existing autism population that did not require
hospitalisation.

2. After 1992, the registry added in patients from a large Copenhagen
clinic, which accounted for 20% of the caseload in Denmark.
The patients from this clinic were excluded prior to 1992.

3. The diagnostic category changed after 1993 from "psychosis
proto-infantilis" of ICD-8 (code 299) to "childhood autism" of ICD-10.

Another paper using the same inpatient registry reports that the psychosis
proto-infantilis category includes inpatient cases that do not fulfil the
criteria for autism [73].

4. Many of the children were between 7-9 years old, and
most were over 4 years old, when recorded.
But the onset of autism must occur, by definition in the diagnostic
criteria, before three years of age.
The most widely used approach to assessing autism trends is to
use year of birth as the "incidence time".

5. Another recent study performed by Madsen et al. [74] reported Danish
autism rates of 6 per 10,000 for children born in the 1990s.
These Danish rates are very low in the 1990s compared to the U.S. [12].

Madsen et al. [69] report also inpatient rates for the pre-1993 "psychosis
proto-infantilis" at well below 1 per 10,000.
This low rate would contradict the single published survey of autism rates
from Denmark, which indicated an autism rate of over 4 per 10,000 as
far back as the 1950s [75].

6. Additional confounders were present in the U.S. with high prevalence of
autism that were not present in Denmark:
Between 1970-92, the only childhood vaccine given in Denmark until 5 months
of age was the monovalent pertussis vaccine.
In the United States, children were exposed to multiple doses of diphtheria,

page 435

pertussis, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B and haemophilus influenza B (Hib)
vaccines before five months of age in the 1990s.

Additionally, Denmark did not administer thimerosal-containing Rho-D
immunoglobulin during pregnancy, which may increase the risk for
the development of autism [17].

The epidemiological studies that seem to support the missing of a causal
link between thimerosal and autism, are thus inconclusive, and some of them
are fraught with methodological flaws or inconsistencies.

They cannot be used to lay the topic at rest.

The situation rather calls for a joint effort to clarify the points in
question.

Meanwhile, given the lack of effective treatment options in autism,
one might want to use the evidence reviewed here for an experimental form of
treatment.


Promising treatments of autistics

According to preliminary results,
chelation of heavy metals is now the preferred treatment therapy developed
by the Autism Think Tank of the Defeat Autism Now Foundation,
which now considers autism as a curable disease based on the observed
reversal of diagnosis of numerous children after such treatment [76].

Enhanced detoxification through hyperbaric oxygen therapy and
transdermal usage of Dimercaptopropansulfonate (DMPS)
seem to be effective treatment options for autistics
according to Buttar [77] and Harch [78].

Furthermore, preliminary results suggests that substitution of metabolites
important for intracellular glutathione synthesis and methylation,
which lacks in autistic children
due to mercury exposure and genetic sensitivity [31],
like methylcobalamin, s-adenyl-methionine and tetrahydrofolic acid,
leads to improvement of symptoms in a about 80% of autistic children [13,31].

Subsequently, these agents were able to normalise the blood levels of
glutathione and cysteine in autistic children [31].


Conclusion

Taken together, all the above mentioned data from experimental, clinical and
partly from epidemiological studies appear to show that repetitive mercury
exposure during pregnancy (through thimerosal and dental amalgam),
and after birth, through thimerosal containing vaccinations in genetically
susceptible individuals is one potential pathogenetic factor in autism.

Other metals and noxes, partly present in vaccines, and the hormonal
situation might have synergistic effects with mercury.

This has not been officially acknowledged.

Therefore it is mandatory to perform further studies that address this issue
with sound methodology and through research uninfluenced by commercial,
professional or political interests.

Given the widespread use of mercury in medical products,
even a small frequency of pathological side effects have a significant impact
to public health.

Therefore, for preventive purposes, it is mandatory to avoid further use of
mercury in medical products in industrial and undeveloped countries.


Acknowledgement

HW and RS are supported by the Samueli Institute.
JM received support from Foundation Landesbank Baden-Württemberg,
Natur und Umwelt, Stuttgart,
and Foundation Viamedica, Freiburg.


REFERENCES

1 Bernard S, Enayati A, Redwood L, Roger H, Binstock T.
Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning.
Med Hypotheses 2001; 56: 462-71.

2 Bernard S, Enayati A, Roger H, Binstock T, Redwood L.
The role of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism.
Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: S42-S43.

3 Blaxill MF.
Study fails to establish diagnostic substitution as a factor in increased
rate of autism. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24: 12-13.

4 Blaxill MF.
What's going on? The question of time trends in autism.
Public Health Rep 2004; 119: 536-51.

5 Costa LG, Aschner M, Vitalone A, Syversen T, Soldin OP.
Developmental neuropathology of environmental agents.
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6 Davidson PW, Myers GJ, Weiss B.
Mercury exposure and child development outcomes.
Pediatrics 2004; 113(4 Suppl): 1023-29.

7 Mutter J, Naumann J, Sadaghiani C, Walach H, Drasch G.
Amalgam studies: disregarding basic principles of mercury toxicity.
Int J Hyg Environ Health 2004; 207: 391-7.

8 Blaxill MF, Redwood L, Bernard S.
Thimerosal and autism? A plausible hypothesis that should not be dismissed.
Med Hypotheses 2004; 62: 788-94.

9 California Department of Developmental Services:
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1999 through 2002. Sacramento, CA.
California Health and Human Services Agency, (2003).

10 Burton D.
Truth revealed: New scientific discoveries regarding mercury in medicine an
autism.
Opening statement before the U.S. House of Representatives.
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11 Geier DA, Geier MR.
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12 Ball LK, Ball R, Pratt RD.
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13 Deth RC.
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14 Warkany, J., Hubbard, D.M.:
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15 Bradstreet J.
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16 Mutter J, Naumann J, Walach H, Daschner FD.
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17 Holmes AS, Blaxill MF, Haley BE.
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18 Mutter J, Naumann J, Sadaghiani C, Walach H, Drasch G:
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19 Mortada WI, Sobh MA, El-Defrawy MM, Farahat EF.
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20 Fischer RD.
Truth revealed: New scientific discoveries regarding mercury in medicine and
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Congressional Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives.
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21 Geier DA, Geier MR.
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22 Redwood, L. Truth revealed: New scientific discoveries regarding
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23 Weldon D.
Congressional speakers. Immunization safety review:
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[cited 2005, September 20].

24 Willman D.
The National Institutes of Health: Public Servant or Private Marketer?
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25 Institute of Medicine (US). Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines
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26 Hu LW, Bernard J, Che.
Neutron Activation analysis of Hair samples for the Identification of
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27 Grether J, Croen L, Theis C, Blaxill M, Haley B, Holmes A.
Baby hair, mercury toxicity and autism. Int J Toxicol 2004; 23: 275-6.

28 Muhlendahl KE.
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[Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 207 (2004) 391-397].
Int J Hyg Environ Health 2005; 208:435.

29 Fido A, Al-Saad S.
Toxic trace elements in the hair of children with autism.
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30 Waly M, Olteanu H, Banerjee R, Choi SW, Mason JB, Parker BS,
Sukumar S, Shim S, Sharma A, Benzecry JM, Power-Charnitsky
VA, Deth RC:
Activation of methionine synthase by insulin-like growth factor-1 and
dopamine: a target for neurodevelopmental toxins and thimerosal.
Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 358-70.

31 James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S et al.
Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation
capacity in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1611-17.

32 Bradstreet J, Geier DA, Kartzinel JJ, Adams J, Geier M.
A case-control study of mercury burden in children with autistic spectrum
disorders. J Am Phys Surg 2003; 8: 76-9.

33 Pichichero ME, Cernichiari E, Lopreiato J, Treanor J:
Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines
containing thiomersal: a descriptive study. Lancet 2002; 360: 1737-41.

34 Stoiber T, Bonacker D, Bohm KJ, Bolt HM, Thier R, Degen GH,
Unger E.
Disturbed microtubule function and induction of micronuclei by chelate
complexes of mercury(II). Mutat Res 2004; 563: 97-106.

35 Thier R, Bonacker D, Stoiber T, Bohm KJ, Wang M, Unger E, Bolt,
HM, Degen G.
Interaction of metal salts with cytoskeletal motor protein systems.
Toxicol Lett 2003; 140-141: 75-81.

36 Leong CC, Syed NI, Lorscheider FL.
Retrograde degeneration of neurite membrane structural integrity of nerve
growth cones following in vitro exposure to mercury.
Neuroreport 2001; 12: 733-7.

37 Mutter J, Naumann J, Sadaghiani C, Schneider R, Walach H.
Alzheimer Disease: Mercury as pathogenetic factor and apolipoprotein
E as a moderator. Neuro Endocrin Lett 2004; 25: 275-83.

38 Baskin DS, Ngo H, Didenko VV.
Thimerosal induces DNA breaks, caspase-3 activation, membrane damage, and cell
death in cultured human neurons and fibroblasts.
Toxicol. Sci 2003; 74: 361- 68.

39 Humphrey ML, Cole MP, Pendergrass JC, Kiningham KK.
Mitochondrial mediated thimerosal-induced apoptosis in a human
neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). Neurotoxicology 2005; 26: 407-16.

40 Westphal GA, Asgari S, Schulz TG, Bunger J, Muller M, Hallier E.
Thimerosal induces micronuclei in the cytochalasin B block micronucleus
test with human lymphocytes. Arch Toxicol 2003; 77: 50-5.

41 Boris M, Goldblatt A, Galenko J, James SJ.
Association of MTHFR Gene variants wit autism.
Journal of American Physicans and Surgeons 2004; 9: 106-8.

42 Magos L, Brown AW, Sparrow S et al.
The comparative toxicology of ethyl- and methylmercury.
Arch Toxicol 1985; 57: 260-7.

43 Oskarsson A, Palminger Hallen I, Sundberg J, Petersson Grawe K.
Risk assessment in relation to neonatal metal exposure.
Analyst 1998; 123: 19-23.

44 Harry GJ, Harris MW, Burka LT.
Mercury concentrations in brain and kidney following ethylmercury,
methylmercury and Thimerosal administration to neonatal mice.
Toxicol Lett 2004; 154: 183-9.

45 Colmann E, Halsey NA, Golman LR, Westphal G, Hallier E.
Mercury in infants given vaccines containing thiomersal.
Lancet 2003; 361: 698-99.

46 Geier MR, Geier DA.
Mercury in vaccines and potential conflicts of interest.
Lancet 2004; 364: 1217.

47 James SJ, Slikker W 3rd, Melnyk S, New E, Pogribna M, Jernigan S.
Thimerosal neurotoxicity is associated with glutathione depletion:
protection with glutathione precursors. Neurotoxicology 2005; 26: 1-8.

48 Muller M, Westphal G, Vesper A, Bunger J, Hallier E.
Inhibition of the human erythrocytic glutathione-S-transferase T1 (GST T1)
by thimerosal. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2001; 203: 479-81.

49 Olivieri G, Brack C, Muller-Spahn F, Stahelin HB, Herrmann M, Renard
P, Brockhaus M, Hock C.
Mercury induces cell cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and increases
beta-amyloid secretion and tau phosphorylation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma
cells. J. Neurochem 2000; 74: 231-6.

50 Olivieri G, Novakovic M, Savaskan E, Meier F, Baysang G, Brockhaus
M, Muller-Spahn F.
The effects of beta-estradiol on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells during heavy
metal induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and beta-amyloid secretion.
Neuroscience 2002; 113: 849-55.

51 Vojdani A, Pangborn JB, Vojdani E, Cooper EL.
Infections, toxic chemicals and dietary peptides binding to lymphocyte
receptors and tissue enzymes are major instigators of autoimmunity
in autism. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2003; 16: 189-99.

52 Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA.
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients
with autism. Ann Neurol 2005; 57: 67-81.

53 Hornig M, Chian D, Lipkin WI.
Neurotoxic effects of postnatal thimerosal are mouse strain dependent.
Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 833-45.

54 Hornig M.
Truth revealed: New scientific discoveries regarding mercury in medicine an
autism.
Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives. Subcommittee on human
rights and wellness, Sept. 8, (2004). Available from: URL:
http://reform.house.gov/WHR/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=18156
[cited 2005, September 20].

55 Westphal GA, Schnuch A, Schulz TG, Reich K, Aberer W, Brasch J,
Koch P, Wessbecher R, Szliska C, Bauer A, Hallier E.
Homozygous gene deletions of the glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 are
associated with thimerosal sensitization.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000; 73: 384-8.

56 Havarinasab S, Hultman P.
Organic mercury compounds and autoimmunity.
Autoimmun Rev. 2005; 4: 270-5.

57 Havarinasab S, Haggqvist B, Bjorn E, Pollard KM, Hultman P.
Immunosuppressive and autoimmune effects of thimerosal in mice.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005; 204: 109-21.

58 Hernan MA, Jick SS, Olek MJ, Jick H.
Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of multiple sclerosis: a
prospective study. Neurology 2004; 63: 838-42.

59 Haley B.
Reduced levels of mercury in first baby haircuts of Autistic children.
Immunization safety review: Vaccines and autism.
Institute of Medicine, Febr. 9, (2004). Available from: URL:
http://www.iom.edu/subpage.asp?id=18065 [cited 2005, September 20].

60 Geier MR, Geier DA.
The potential importance of steroids in the treatment of autistic spectrum
disorders and other disorders involving mercury toxicity.
Med Hypotheses 2005; 64: 946-54.

page 437

61 Schubert J, Riley EJ, Tyler SA.
Combined effects in toxicology - a rapid systematic testing procedure:
cadmium, mercury, and lead. J Toxicol Environ Health 1978; 4: 763-76.

62 Geier MR, Geier DA.
Neurodevelopmental disorders after thimerosal-containing vaccines: a brief
communication. Exp Biol Med 2003; 228: 660-64.

63 Geier DA, Geier MR.
An assessment of the impact of thimerosal on childhood neurodevelopmental
disorders. Pediatr Rehabil 2003; 6: 97-102.

64 Geier MR, Geier DA.
Thiomersal in childhood vaccines, neurodevelopment disorders, and heart
disease in the United States. J Am Phys Surg 2003; 8: 6-11.

65 Geier DA, Geier MR.
A comparative evaluation of the effects of MMR immunization and mercury
doses from thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines on the population
prevalence of autism. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10, PI33-9.

66 Verstraeten T, Davis RL, DeStefano F, Lieu TA, Rhodes PH, Black
SB, Shinefield H, Chen RT, Vaccine Safety Datalink Team.
Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a two-phased study of computerized
health maintenance organization databases. Pediatrics 2003; 112: 1039-48.

67 Olmsted D. The Age of Autism: Witness. The Washington Times;
May 10, 2005. Available from URL:
http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050508-112601-3643r.htm
[cited 2005; September 20].

68 Andrews N, Miller E, Grant A, Stowe J, Osborne V, Taylor B.
Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective
cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association.
Pediatrics 2004; 114: 584-91.

69 Madsen KM, Lauritsen MB, Pedersen CB et al.
Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: Negative Ecological Evidence From
Danish Population-Based Data. Pediatrics 2003; 112: 604-6.

70 Hviid A, Stellfeld M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.
Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism.
JAMA 2003; 290: 1763-66.

71 Stehr-Green P, Tull P, Stellfeld M, Mortenson PB, Simpson D.
Autism and thimerosal-containing vaccines: lack of consistent evidence
for an association. Am J Prev Med 2003; 25: 101-6.

72 Bernard S.
Analysis of the Danish Autism Registry Database in Response to the Hviid et
al Paper on Thimerosal in JAMA. (2003).
Available from: URL:
http://www.safeminds.org/research/docs/Hviid_et_alJAMA-SafeMindsAnalysis.pdf
[cited 2005, September 20].

73 Bertrand J, Mars A, Boyle C, Bove F, Yeargin-Allsopp M,
Decoufle P.
Prevalence of autism in a United States population: the Brick Township, New
Jersey, investigation. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 1155-61.

74 Madsen KM, Hviid A, Vestergaard M et al.
A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and
autism. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 1477-82.

75 Carbone KM, Rubin SA, Pletnikov M.
Borna disease virus (BDV)- induced model of autism: application to vaccine
safety test design. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 7 (Suppl 2): S36-7.

76 Autism Research Institute:
Treatment options for mercury/ metal toxicity in autism and related
developmental disabilities: Consensus paper. (2005). Available from URL:
http://www.autismwebsite.com/ari/dan/mercurymetaldetox.htm
[cited 2005; September 20].

77 Buttar RA.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Update of Federal Government Initiatives and
Revolutionary New Treatments of Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Congressional
Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives.
Subcommittee on human rights and wellness, May 6 (2004).
Available from: URL:
http://reform.house.gov/WHR/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=13567
[cited 2005, September 20].

78 Harch P.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Update of Federal Government
Initiatives and Revolutionary New Treatments of Neurodevelopmental
Diseases. Congressional Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives.
Subcommittee on human rights and wellness, May, 6, (2004).
Available from: URL:
http://reform.house.gov/WHR/Hearings/EventSingle.aspx?EventID=13567
[cited 2005, September 20].
************************************************************

Tuesday, November 8, 2005

Any unsuspected source of methanol, which the body always quickly and
largely turns into formaldehyde and then formic acid, must be monitored,
especially for high responsibility occupations, often with night shifts,
such as pilots and nuclear reactor operators.


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237
ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are
formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, including
from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins in fruits and
vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.11.08


As a medical layman, I suggest that evidence mandates immediate exploration
of the role of these ubiquitious, potent formaldehyde sources as co-factors
in epidemiology, research, diagnosis, and treatment in a wide variety of
disorders.

Folic acid, from fruits and vegetables, plays a role by powerfully
protecting against methanol (formaldehyde) toxicity.

Many common drugs, such as aspirin, interfere with folic acid,
as do some mutations in relevant enzymes.

The majority of aspartame reactors are female.

In mutual service, Rich Murray
************************************************************

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@...
505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 146 members, 1,241 posts in a public, searchable
archive http://RoomForAll.blogspot.com
http://AspartameNM.blogspot.com

Dark wines and liquors, as well as aspartame, provide
similar levels of methanol, above 100 mg daily, for
long-term heavy users, 2 L daily, about 6 cans.

Methanol is inevitably largely turned into formaldehyde,
and thence largely into formic acid.
It is the major cause of the dreaded symptoms of "next
morning" hangover.

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol -- 1,120 mg aspartame
in 2 L diet soda, almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg
methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of the methanol is turned
into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde, 37 mg,
is 18.5 times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in
drinking water, 2.0 mg in 2 L average daily drinking water,

185 times the New Jersey limit,
615 times the California and Maine limits,
1850 times the Maryland limit.

The 1999 July EPA 468-page formaldehyde profile admits that
four states substantially exceed the federal EPA limit:

Environmental Protection Agency 2.00 mg in 2 L daily
drinking water

California and Maine------------ 0.06 mg
Maryland---------------------- 0.02 mg
New Jersey-------------------- 0.20 mg

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1108
faults in 1999 July EPA 468-page formaldehyde profile:
Elzbieta Skrzydlewska PhD, Assc. Prof., Medical U. of
Bialystok, Poland, abstracts -- ethanol, methanol,
formaldehyde, formic acid, acetaldehyde, lipid peroxidation,
green tea, aging: Murray 2004.08.08 2005.07.11

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/835
ATSDR: EPA limit 1 ppm formaldehyde in drinking water July
1999: Murray 2002.05.30 rmforall

Aspartame is made of phenylalanine (50% by weight) and
aspartic acid (39%), both ordinary amino acids, bound
loosely together by methanol (wood alcohol, 11%).
The readily released methanol from aspartame is within hours
turned by the liver into formaldehyde and then formic acid,
both potent, cumulative toxins.

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1106
hangover research relevant to toxicity of 11% methanol in
aspartame (formaldehyde, formic acid): Calder I (full text):
Jones AW: Murray 2004.08.05 2005.09.28

Since no adaquate data has ever been published on the exact
disposition of toxic metabolites in specific tissues in
humans of the 11% methanol component of aspartame, the many
studies on morning-after hangover from the methanol impurity
in alcohol drinks are the main available resource to date.

Jones AW (1987) found next-morning hangover from red wine
with 100 to 150 mg methanol (9.5% w/v ethanol, 100 mg/L
methanol, 0.01%, one part in ten thousand).


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1182
Joining together: short review: research on aspartame
methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray
2005.07.08 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1071
research on aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid)
toxicity: Murray2004.04.29 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1189
Michael F Jacobson of CSPI now and in 1985 re aspartame
toxicity, letter to FDA Commissioner Lester Crawford;
California OEHHA aspartame critique 2004.03.12; Center for
Consumer Freedom denounces CSPI: Murray 2005.07.27


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M
et al, full plain text, 2001: substantial sources are
degradation of fruit pectins, liquors, aspartame, smoke:
Murray 2005.04.02 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1141
Nurses Health Study can quickly reveal the extent of aspartame (methanol,
formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2004.11.21 rmforall
[ Any scientist can get access to this data for free by submitting a proper
research proposal. No one has admitted mining the extensive data on diet
soda use and many symptoms for decades for about 100,000 nurses. ]


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1213
aspartame (methanol, phenylalanine, aspartic acid) effects, detailed expert
studies in 2005 Aug and 1998 July, Tsakiris S, Schulpis KH, Karikas GA,
Kokotos G, Reclos RJ, et al, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens,
Greece: Murray 2005.09.09

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/939
aspartame (aspartic acid, phenylalanine) binding to DNA:
Karikas July 1998: Murray 2003.01.05 rmforall
Karikas GA, Schulpis KH, Reclos GJ, Kokotos G
Measurement of molecular interaction of aspartame and
its metabolites with DNA. Clin Biochem 1998 Jul; 31(5): 405-7.
Dept. of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
http://www.chem.uoa.gr gkokotos@...
K.H. Schulpis inchildh@... G.J. Reclos reklos@...


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1088
Murray, full plain text & critique: chronic aspartame in rats affects
memory, brain cholinergic receptors, and brain chemistry, Christian B,
McConnaughey M et al, 2004 May: 2004.06.05 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1067
eyelid contact dermatitis by formaldehyde from aspartame, AM Hill & DV
Belsito, Nov 2003: Murray 2004.03.30 rmforall

Thrasher (2001): "The major difference is that the Japanese demonstrated
the incorporation of FA and its metabolites into the placenta and fetus.
The quantity of radioactivity remaining in maternal and fetal tissues
at 48 hours was 26.9% of the administered dose." [ Ref. 14-16 ]

Arch Environ Health 2001 Jul-Aug; 56(4): 300-11.
Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. [100 references]
Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. toxicology@...
Sam-1 Trust, Alto, New Mexico, USA.
http://www.drthrasher.org/formaldehyde_embryo_toxicity.html full text

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1052
DMDC: Dimethyl dicarbonate 200mg/L in drinks adds methanol 98 mg/L
[ becomes formaldehyde in body ]: EU Scientific Committee on Foods
2001.07.12: Murray 2004.01.22 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/925
aspartame puts formaldehyde adducts into tissues, Part 1/2
full text Trocho & Alemany 1998.06.26: Murray 2002.12.22


http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1223
complete info on NM EIB aspartame ban meeting, Oct. 4, Santa
Fe, Leland Lehrman, www.MotherMedia.org: Murray 2005.09.30

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1224
Aspartame disease: an FDA-approved epidemic, H. J. Roberts,
MD 2004: Murray 2005.09.30

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1233
Aspartame -- the shocking story, The Ecologist, 2005 Sept.,
p. 35-51, full text: Murray 2005.09.30: the correct author, Pat Thomas,
What Doctors Don't Tell You www.wddty.co.uk : 2005.10.11

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1226
USA National Institutes of Health National Toxicology
Program aids eminent Ramazzini Foundation, Bologna, Italy,
in more results on cancers in rats from lifetime low levels
of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde), Felicity Lawrence,
www.guardian.co.uk: Murray 2005.09.30

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1131
genotoxicity of aspartame in human lymphocytes 2004.07.29 full plain text,
Rencuzogullari E et al, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
2004 Aug: Murray 2004.11.06 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1227
New Mexico EIB should use its authority to ban aspartame,
a methanol (formaldehyde) source, Gail Chasey Beam, NM CPAC:
California, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey set stronger limits
than the EPA, 468-page 1999 EPA formaldehyde profile,
Murray 2005.10.02

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1228
NM EIB votes 4-2 for 5-day aspartame toxicity hearing July,
2006, requesting a Hearing Officer and a medical expert from
Environmental Dept. and legal advice from NM Attorney
General: Murray 2005.10.04

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1229
(New Mexico) State plans sweetener (aspartame) hearings;
critics -- aspartame linked to cancers, Jackie Jadrnak,
Albuquerque Journal, Santa Fe North: Murray 2005.10.05

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1231
New Mexico's aspartame hearings, Albuquerque Journal
editorial, Steve Mills, Editor: comments by Steve Trinward
www.freemarketnews.com : Murray 2005.10.08

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1232
great problems are opportunities for service -- aspartame (methanol,
formaldehyde) toxicity: Rawlings: Murray 2005.10.10

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1234
Not so sweet (aspartame): Jerry Ortiz y Pino, NM State Senator,
D-Albuquerque: Fox: Murray 2005.10.14

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1236
Banning aspartame in New Mexico children's medications and vitamins,
petition to Board of Pharmacy on Nov 14-15:
Fox: Stoller: Murray 2005.10.16

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1237
ubiquitous potent uncontrolled co-factors in nutrition research are
formaldehyde from wood and tobacco smoke and many sources, including
from methanol in dark wines and liquors, in pectins in fruits and
vegetables, and in aspartame: Murray 2005.11.08

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1239
your laptop will be ten million times faster in 15 years: Human life, the
next generation, Raymond Kurzweil, The New Scientist 2005.09.24; also his
1993 book, The 10% Solution For a Healthy Life: Murray 2005.10.30

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1242
supports New Mexico Board of Pharmacy ban on aspartame and mercury,
Joachim Mutter, PhD, University of Freiburg, mercury in thimerosal in infant
vaccines, Neuroendocrinology Letters 2005 October: Murray 2005.11.08
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