http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1199
yet three more stevia abstracts: mutagenic in bacteria, Terai T, 2002 July:
lowers blood pressure in rats, Hsu YH, 2002 Jan: antihyperglycaemic,
insulinotropic and glucagonostatic benefits in rats, Jeppesen PB 2002 Jan;
Murray 2005.08.07


Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002 Jul; 50(7): 1007-10.
Mutagenicity of steviol and its oxidative derivatives in Salmonella
typhimurium TM677.
Terai T, Ren H, Mori G, Yamaguchi Y, Hayashi T. terai@...
Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan.

Stevioside is natural non-caloric sweetner isolated from Stevia rebaudiana
BERTONI, which has been used as a non-caloric sugar substitute in Japan.
Pezzuto et al. demonstrated that steviol shows a dose-dependent positive
response in forward mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium TM677 in the
presence of metabolic activation system (Aroclor induced rat liver S9
fraction).
Our studies were carried out to identify the genuine mutagenic
active substance from among the eight steviol derivatives.
Steviol indicate almost similar levels of mutagenicity under the presence of
S9 mixture, as reported by Pezzuto et al.
15-Oxo-steviol was found to be mutagenic at the one tenth the level of
steviol itself under the presence of S9 mixture.
Interestingly, specific mutagenicity of the lactone derivative under the
presence of S9 mixture was ten times lower than that of the lactone
derivative without the addition of S9 mixture. PMID: 12130868


Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2002 Jan; 65(1): 1-6.
Antihypertensive effect of stevioside in different strains of hypertensive
rats.
Hsu YH, Liu JC, Kao PF, Lee CN, Chen YJ, Hsieh MH, Chan P.
Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taiwan,
ROC.

BACKGROUND: Stevioside is a natural sweet-tasting glycoside isolated from
the herb Stevia rebaudiana, composed of stevia, a diterpenic carboxylic
alcohol with three glucose molecules, mainly used commercially as sugar
substitute.
Previous study has shown that it can lower blood pressure in anesthetized
spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
This study was undertaken to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of
stevioside in different strains of hypertensive rats and to observe whether
there is difference in blood pressure lowering effect.
METHODS: Noninvasive tail-cuff method was employed to measure blood
pressure.
Stevioside at the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered
intraperitoneally (ip) to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (NTR), SHR,
deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-NaCl) sensitive hypertensive rats
(DHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR).
RESULTS: Significant hypotensive effect of stevioside administered ip was
noted in different strains of rats at the dose of 50 mg/kg.
When stevioside was increased to the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg,
ip, it also caused slow and persistent lowering of blood pressure in SHR and
NTR. Data also showed that stevioside given at the concentrations of 100,
200 and 400 mg/kg ip resulted in lowering of blood pressure in SHR
dose-dependently. Blood pressure returned to previous levels after the drug
was discontinued for 2-3 days.
Drinking of 0.1% stevioside solution in mature SHR could have
antihypertensive effect and also prevented hypertension in immature SHR.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reconfirmed stevioside has hypotensive effect and
the effect is more prominent in hypertensive rats. PMID: 11939668


Phytomedicine. 2002 Jan; 9(1): 9-14.
Stevioside induces antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic and glucagonostatic
effects in vivo: studies in the diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.
Jeppesen PB, Gregersen S, Alstrup KK, Hermansen K.
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital,
Denmark. pbj@...

Extracts of leaves from the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni have been used
in the traditional treatment of diabetes in Paraguay and Brazil.
Recently, we demonstrated a direct insulinotropic effect in isolated mouse
islets and the clonal beta cell line INS-1 of the glycoside stevioside that
is present in large quantity in these leaves.
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in
both insulin and glucagon secretion as well as insulin action.
In the present study we wanted to unravel if stevioside in vivo exerts an
antihyperglycaemic effect in a nonobese animal model of type 2 diabetes.
An i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGT) was carried out with and without
stevioside in the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, as well as in the
normal Wistar rat.
Stevioside (0.2 g/kg BW) and D-glucose (2.0 g/kg BW) were administered as
i.v. bolus injections in anaesthetized rats.
Stevioside significantly suppressed the glucose response to the IVGT in GK
rats (incremental area under the curve (IAUC): 648 +/- 50 (stevioside) vs
958 +/- 85 mM x 120 min (control); P < 0.05)
and concomitantly increased the insulin response (IAUC: 51116 +/- 10967
(stevioside) vs 21548 +/- 3101 microU x 120 min (control); P < 0.05).
Interestingly, the glucagon level was suppressed by stevioside during the
IVGT, (total area under the curve (TAUC): 5720 +/- 922 (stevioside) vs 8713
+/- 901 pg/ml x 120 min (control); P < 0.05).
In the normal Wistar rat stevioside enhanced insulin levels above basal
during the IVGT (IAUC: 79913 +/- 3107 (stevioside) vs 17347 +/- 2882 microU
x 120 min (control); P < 0.001), however, without altering the blood glucose
response (IAUC: 416 +/- 43 (stevioside) vs 417 +/- 47 mM x 120 min
(control)) or the glucagon levels (TAUC: 5493 +/- 527 (stevioside) vs 5033
+/- 264 pg/ml x 120 min (control)).
In conclusion, stevioside exerts antihyperglycaemic, insulinotropic, and
glucagonostatic actions in the type 2 diabetic GK rat, and may have the
potential of becoming a new antidiabetic drug for use in type 2 diabetes.
PMID: 11924770
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Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@... 505-501-2298
1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages
group with 186 members, 1,199 posts in a public, searchable archive

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1199
yet three more stevia abstracts: mutagenic in bacteria, Terai T, 2002 July:
lowers blood pressure in rats, Hsu YH, 2002 Jan: antihyperglycaemic,
insulinotropic and glucagonostatic benefits in rats, Jeppesen PB 2002 Jan;
Murray 2005.08.07

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1198
three more stevia abstracts: no genotoxicity in mice, Sekihashi K, Saitoh H,
Sasaki Y 2002 Dec: lowers blood pressure in dogs, Liu JC 2003 Jan: inhibits
tumors in mice, Yasukawa K 2002 Nov: Murray 2005.08.05

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1197
three abstracts on expert stevia research: hypertension, Chan P 2000 Sept;
microflora, Gardana C 2003.10.22; helps blood pressure and glucose level,
Jeppesen PB 2003 Mar: Murray 2005.08.05

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1196
Alan in alt.support.diabetes re Stevia and Glycemic and Hypertension Control
2004.05.14: 2 year large scale blood pressure study, Hsieh MH, 2003 Nov:
insulin in muscles, Lailerd N 2004 Jan: glucose in diabetics, Gregersen S
2004 Jan: Murray 2004.08.04

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1195
thanks to Ma¢k for correction; stevia not yet allowed on market in Europe:
Stevia rebaudiana, a sweetsimple story. Prof. Jan M.C. Geuns 2003.10.15:
Murray 2005.08.03

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1179
Stevia (stevioside) is safe: Prof. Jan M.C. Geuns: Murray 2005.07.06

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1164
artificial sweetener sales soar, stevia and tagatose available: Murray
2005.03.31 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1152
reply to Ferne Hudson, Tate & Lyle PLC, re Splenda (sucralose) policy:
Murray 2005.02.08 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1122
UN FAO & WHO approve Steviol glycosides as sweetener June 2004, imports to
UK no longer blocked: Martini: Murray 2004.10.17 rmforall
[ stevia not yet allowed to be sold in Europe 2005.08.03 ]

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1084
26 stevia safety abstracts since 1993: aspartame vs stevia debate on
alt.support.diabetes, George Schmidt, OD: Murray 2004.05.25 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1165
short review: research on aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid)
toxicity: Murray 2005.07.06 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1071
research on aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray
2004.04.29 rmforall

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1143
methanol (formaldehyde, formic acid) disposition: Bouchard M et al, full
plain text, 2001: substantial sources are degradation of fruit pectins,
liquors, aspartame, smoke: Murray 2005.04.02 rmforall

Fully 11% of aspartame is methanol-- 1,120 mg aspartame in 2 L diet soda,
almost six 12-oz cans, gives 123 mg methanol (wood alcohol). If 30% of
the methanol is turned into formaldehyde, the amount of formaldehyde is 18
times the USA EPA limit for daily formaldehyde in drinking water, 2 mg in 2
L water.

[ more at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1179 ]
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