AIDS Treatment News Issue #378, March 8, 2002
phone 800-TREAT-1-2, or 215-546-3776

CONTENTS

** Retroviruses Conference Reassuring on New Treatments,
Viral Targets, Research
Researchers are reporting more potentially important
information today than at conferences in the last few years.
But some of the new reports are confusing or contradictory.

** Lipoatrophy and Antiretroviral Drug Changes
Certain treatment changes may prevent lipoatrophy (abnormal
fat loss) from getting worse in many patients -- and lead to
a slow return of some of the lost fat.

** Retroviruses Conference: Web Coverage
Here are some Web sites with talks, abstracts, posters, and
summaries from the recent Retroviruses conference.

** d4T and Lactic Acidosis with Neuromuscular Weakness: FDA
Warning
Patients with certain symptoms associated with high lactate
should get medical attention immediately, and may need to
suspend antiretroviral treatment.

** FDA Approves New Dosing for Amprenavir and Ritonavir
Combination
The FDA approved dosing for the amprenavir (Agenerase(R)) or
ritonavir (Norvir(R)) combination, allowing either once-daily
or twice-daily dosing.

** FDA Approves Once-Daily Efavirenz Formulation, Revised
Labeling
The FDA approved a new 600-mg efavirenz (Sustiva(R)) tablet,
to be taken once daily. The smaller sizes remain available.

** AIDS Treatment and Related Conferences, March through
December 2002
Here is our list of upcoming conferences that may be of
interest to our readers.


***** Retroviruses Conference Reassuring on New Treatments,
Viral Targets, Research

The recent Retroviruses conference in Seattle reported more
progress in AIDS research than perhaps any conference in the
last few years. But the potential new drugs and research
findings are still in early stages, and include some
contradictory or confusing results. Experimental treatments
may look good in early human tests but may or may not prove
safe and effective for long-term use.

Here is an overview on lipoatrophy -- fat wasting -- a
problem our readers have asked about. In future issues we
expect to cover new drugs, treatment interruption, other
lipodystrophy and drug side effects, and many other topics.

Note: the '-M', '-T', or '-W' in the abstract numbers in this
conference just means that the presentation was a poster on
Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday. 'LB' in the abstract name
means Late Breaker -- new research results that could not be
submitted by the regular deadline but were considered
important enough to be accepted anyway.

Other Retroviruses Conference Information

A one-hour telephone recording of an expert summary,
organized by HIVandHepatitis.com, is available toll-free at
800-428-6051; when asked for an ID number, enter 227184 for
this recording. You will be asked for your name, affiliation,
and telephone number. This is a formality; you can say
anything, even that you don't want to give the information,
and the process will still go forward.

In some cities local AIDS service organizations are
presenting programs with expert speakers who review
conference highlights. In New York, for example, the National
AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project will have a one-day update
Saturday April 6, on the Retroviruses conference and on
HIV/Hepatitis C co-infection. Advance registration is
required due to building security; to register, call NATAP
during business hours at either 888-26-NATAP, or 212-219-
0106. For other programs, check with service organizations in
your area.

For in-depth information, see "Retroviruses Conference Web
Coverage" in this issue.


***** Lipoatrophy and Antiretroviral Drug Changes

by John S. James

Lipoatrophy is abnormal fat loss, often seen especially in
the face, arms, and legs. Sometimes fat inside the abdomen (a
different kind of fat) will increase at the same time the fat
underneath the skin is disappearing. It is believed that
lipoatrophy is caused primarily by antiretrovirals --
although there are different views on whether some protease
inhibitors, some nucleoside analogs, or the combination of
both is most responsible. Doctors have noted that usually the
lost fat is not quickly regained even if the antiretrovirals
are stopped. Many patients are distressed especially by the
loss of facial fat.

The Retroviruses conference included some reports on partial
success in managing lipoatrophy with certain drug changes.
(See note below on additional information available online.)

* [Abstract 32] Patients with moderate or severe lipoatrophy
who were taking either d4T (Zerit(R)) or AZT (Retrovir(R))
were randomly assigned to either continue their treatment, or
substitute abacavir (Ziagen(R)) for the d4T or AZT. This
research team, including leading lipodystrophy researchers
Carr and Cooper in Sydney, Australia, randomized 111 adult
patients. Careful high-tech measurements of limb fat (using
either DEXA or CT) found an improvement in lipoatrophy in the
group that switched to abacavir, but not the group that
continued on their d4T or AZT, in the six months of this
trial. The lost fat returned slowly, however -- patients did
not change their average rating of their own lipoatrophy in
the six months of this trial. And researchers estimated that
at the rate of change which was measured, it would take
several years for the lipoatrophy to disappear.(1)

The patients in this study started with a high CD4 count
(average 577), and a viral load that was stable at under 400
copies with the regimen they were on. Eighty four percent of
them had been taking d4T, 16% had been taking AZT.

The switch to abacavir also resulted in a decline in lactate
(a good sign), and a modest decline in viral load of 0.25
logs.

Other Lipoatrophy Studies at the Retroviruses Conference

Two Glaxo-supported studies also reported some measurable
improvement in lipoatrophy -- with switches that were
entirely to Glaxo drugs:

* [Abstract 701-T] A team at several U.S. universities found
improvements in lipoatrophy when d4T was replaced by either
AZT or abacavir. Of 118 volunteers enrolled, 86 switched to
abacavir, the others to AZT (as Combivir). Lipoatrophy
improvement was found at 24 weeks. The study will run for a
total of 48 weeks.(2)

Note that this study and the one above are similar in one
respect, that both switched most of the volunteers from d4T
to abacavir (except of course for the control group in the
Australian study, which did not switch at all).

* [Abstract 700-T] A team in Perth, Australia reported
considerable success with lipoatrophy at 48 weeks, in a
controlled trial in which volunteers were randomly assigned
to either switch from d4T and/or a protease inhibitor to AZT
+ 3TC + abacavir, or not to switch their therapy. Those who
switched did better than those who did not.(3)

* [Abstract 684a-T] Another study found a seemingly very
different result. A group of 337 patients who did NOT have
any signs of lipoatrophy were studied 21 months later; 13.1%
of them (44/337) had developed moderate or severe
lipoatrophy. The risk factors were white race, and severity
of disease. When the statistics were adjusted for HIV disease
severity, "there appeared to be little, if any, effect of any
antiretroviral agent or class of agents on the development of
lipoatrophy."(4)

We do not know why this study did not find an association
between development of lipoatrophy and particular
antiretrovirals, while the three studies above had found that
switching antiretrovirals could to some degree reverse
lipoatrophy which had developed on the original treatment
regimen (which would imply that some regimens are more
responsible than others for the development of this
condition).

* [Abstract LB13] Rosiglitazone, a diabetes drug which
increases subcutaneous fat in patients with type 2 diabetes,
did not significantly increase subcutaneous fat in a 24-week
trial with 15 HIV patients with lipoatrophy who were on the
drug, compared to 15 controls.(5)

* [Abstract 704-T] A cosmetic treatment for facial
lipoatrophy -- injections with polylactic acid (NewFill) --
was reported for 16 patients, 14 men and 2 women, by
physicians in Paris. The doctors reported that the treatment
was "safe, convenient, and effective" in those patients.(6)

Comment: Caution on Switching Drugs

There are many factors to consider in switching
antiretroviral regimens. This decision should be made with
the help of an experienced HIV physician -- who might want to
change other drugs in the regimen to improve antiviral
activity or mitigate other side effects, or to make the
regimen easier to use. Abacavir may not be the best drug for
the particular patient (it just happened to be studied more
and reported at this conference). And if abacavir is used,
the patient and physician must be alert to the
hypersensitivity reaction which occurs in about 5% of
patients; if this happens, the abacavir must be stopped and
NEVER started again.

But lipoatrophy is not just a cosmetic problem; it is a sign
that the drug regimen may be causing serious side effects. If
the regimen is not changed, the problem is likely to get
worse. One possible strategy is to act once it is clear that
lipoatrophy is starting, and look for an antiretroviral
regimen that has been shown to stop or slowly reverse this
condition after it has started, in many patients.

For background and cautions on changing therapy, see the
following articles on the lipoatrophy information presented
at this Retroviruses conference:

"Switching Antiretroviral Therapy for Lipoatrophy," by David
Alain Wohl, M.D., at:
http://www.natap.org
(look for the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and
Opportunistic Infections report).

Also see "Switching Therapy to Manage Lipoatrophy: More
Evidence of Limited Benefits," by Graeme Moyle, M.D.,
M.B.B.S., at:
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/429162
(If this is your first time using the Medscape site, you will
need to sign up for a free registration in order to read this
article.)

References

1. Carr A, Smith D, Workman C, Hoy J, Doong N, Amin J, Law M,
Cooper DA, and the MITOX Study Group. Switching stavudine or
zidovudine to abacavir for HIV lipoatrophy: A randomized,
controlled, open-label, multicentre, 24-week study. 9th
Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
Seattle, February 22-28, 2002 [abstract #32].

2. McComsey G, Lonergan T, Fisher R and others. Improvements
in lipoatrophy (LA) are observed after 24 weeks when
stavudine (d4T) is replaced by either abacavir (ABC) or
zidovudine (ZDV). 9th Conference on Retroviruses and
Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, February 22-28, 2002
[abstract #701-T].

3. John M, James I, McKinnon E, and others. A randomized,
controlled open-label study of revision of antiretroviral
regimens containing stavudine (d4T) and/or a protease
inhibitor (PI) to zidovudine (ZVD)/lamivudine(3TC)/Abacavir
(ABC) to prevent or reverse lipoatrophy: 48-week data. 9th
Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
Seattle, February 22-28, 2002 [abstract #700-T].

4. Lichtenstein K, Delaney K, Ward D, Moorman A, Wood K, and
Holmberg S. Incidence and risk factors for lipoatrophy
(abnormal fat loss) in ambulatory HIV-1-infected patients.
9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
Seattle, February 22-28, 2002 [abstract #684a-T].

5. Sutinen J, Hakkinen AM, Westerbacka J and others.
Rosiglitazone in the treatment of HAART-associated
lipodystrophy (HAL): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled trial. 9th Conference on Retroviruses and
Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, February 22-28, 2002
[abstract #LB13].

6. Lafaurie M, Dolivo J, Boulu D, Madelaine I, and Molina JM.
Treatment of HIV-associated lipoatrophy of the face with
intradermal injections of polylactic acid. 9th Conference on
Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle, February
22-28, 2002 [abstract #704-T].


***** Retroviruses Conference: Web Coverage

The following sites have important information from the 9th
Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections,
Seattle, February 24-28, 2002. And you may want to check
back, as most of them will post additional reports in the
future.

Note: if one of the links given below does not work, it may
be because the site has been reorganized since this article
was published. In that case you may still be able to find the
information by starting at the home page of the site and
looking from there. For example, in case
http://www.thebody.com/confs/retro2002/retro2002.html
does not work, try starting at
http://www.thebody.com, look for a section on reports from
conferences, then look for the 9th Retroviruses conference.
Usually these reports remain online for about a year.

http://www.retroconference.org
The official conference Web site.)

The most useful information on this site is:

(1) Audio, video, and slides from the major plenary and
symposium overview talks and panels (but not from the many
technical sessions where new data were presented). There were
still some computer glitches as we went to press.

(2) Searchable abstracts of both oral and poster talks. You
can search for all abstracts that contain any given word --
including an author's last name, a drug name or medical term,
or the abstract number if you know it. To search the
abstracts, first make sure you are at the 9th Conference on
Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (the site will
change for next year's meeting), and select "Search Program
and Abstracts."

(3) Many of the presentations will also have posters online.
The posters have much more information than the abstracts,
but there is no software available to do a computer search on
them. These posters are usually formatted for display in a
poster hall, but it is possible to read them online.

http://www.thebody.com/confs/retro2002/retro2002.html
The Body has many expert summaries of different research
areas presented at the Retroviruses conference.

http://www.hivandhepatitis.com
This site has many conference articles, along with other news
reports.

http://www.medscape.com/conference/retrovirus2002
Medscape has dozens of expert reviews. (The first time you
use the Medscape site you need to register, but registration
is free.)

http://www.natap.org/2002/9retro/ndx9retro.htm
Reports from the National AIDS Treatment Advocacy Project.

http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/
A major HIV site run by the University of California San
Francisco Medical Center. The Retroviruses coverage is
currently at:
http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite.jsp?page=cf9croi-00-00

http://www.medadvocates.org/news/main10818.html#Conf
Medical Advocates, a nonprofit organization, has grouped some
of the abstracts and posters by drug or other topic.


***** d4T and Lactic Acidosis with Neuromuscular Weakness:
FDA Warning

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration emailed the following
warning on March 1, 2002. The FDA also reported this
information at the 9th Conference on Retroviruses and
Opportunistic Infections on February 28 [abstract LB14].

[Comment: Patients should remember that this warning
describes a rare condition associated with drugs that have
been used by thousands of people for many years. It may have
little impact on treatment decisions. But patients and
doctors need to be aware of the possibility, so that patients
can get medical attention early if the problem is suspected,
and suspend or change their treatment if necessary. JSJ]

"Changes have been made in the WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, ADVERSE
REACTIONS, and PATIENT INFORMATION sections of the ZERIT
(stavudine, d4T) label to describe the occurrence of lactic
acidosis and neuromuscular toxicity in patients using
stavudine.

A total of 25 patients with neuromuscular weakness resembling
Guillain-Barré syndrome in association with lactic acidosis
were reported to the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System. In
most cases, antiretroviral therapy was continued in the
presence of symptoms that might have been due to lactic
acidosis, such as abdominal pain, nausea, and fatigue,
leading to death in six of the patients. Most of these
patients (22 out of 25) were receiving antiretroviral
combinations containing stavudine. Although causality has not
been established, these findings were consistent with recent
reports in peer-reviewed journals that the use of stavudine
in antiretroviral combination therapy may increase the risk
of lactic acidosis. Therefore, the stavudine label now
includes a warning that its use may increase the risk of
lactic acidosis, which represents a rare, but serious adverse
event. The label now includes the symptoms of the newly
described symptomatic hyperlactemia syndrome, and the
recommendation for prompt suspension of all antiretroviral
therapy in suspected cases of lactic acidosis with or without
neuromuscular weakness. Permanent discontinuation of
stavudine should be considered in confirmed cases of lactic
acidosis.

Please refer to the Zerit label for full prescribing
information. A copy of the revised labeling is available at:
http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2002/20412S017.pdf

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, which makes and markets Zerit,
is distributing a letter to health care providers giving more
detailed information. The letter reads:

February 2002
Dear Healthcare Provider,

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company would like to remind healthcare
providers caring for persons with HIV of the potential for
lactic acidosis as a complication of therapy with nucleoside
analogues, including ZERIT (stavudine), d4T. The early signs
and symptoms of clinical events associated with
hyperlactatemia should receive careful attention because of
the life-threatening potential of the most extreme
manifestation, lactic acidosis syndrome (LAS).

Bristol-Myers Squibb has received reports of rare occurrences
of rapidly ascending neuromuscular weakness, mimicking the
clinical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome (including
respiratory failure), in HIV-infected patients receiving
stavudine in combination with other antiretrovirals. Some
cases were fatal. Most of the cases were reported in the
setting of lactic acidosis or symptomatic hyperlactatemia
and, in most, antiretroviral therapy had been continued in
the presence of non-specific signs compatible with early
symptomatic hyperlactatemia that preceded the development of
neuromuscular signs and symptoms. If motor weakness develops
in a patient receiving stavudine, the drug should be
discontinued.

Confirmed elevations of serum lactate may be associated with
a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from
asymptomatic hyperlactatemia, through symptomatic non-
acidotic hyperlactatemia (SHL), to acute severe LAS. Early
signs and symptoms associated with a high lactate may be
subtle and include generalized fatigue, digestive symptoms
(nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sudden unexplained
weight loss), respiratory symptoms (tachypnea and dyspnea),
or neurologic symptoms (including motor weakness). Patients
with these symptoms should promptly interrupt antiretroviral
therapy, and a full medical work-up should be performed
rapidly.(i) Permanent discontinuation of stavudine should be
considered for patients with confirmed LAS. It is important
to note that symptoms associated with hyperlactatemia may
continue or worsen following discontinuation of
antiretroviral therapy.

At this time, prospective monitoring of lactate levels does
not appear to be helpful in predicting the subsequent
occurrence of SHL or LAS.(i)

Although relative rates of lactic acidosis have not been
assessed in prospective well-controlled trials, longitudinal
cohort and retrospective studies suggest that this infrequent
event may be more often associated with antiretroviral
combinations containing stavudine.(ii, iii, iv)

See the enclosed full prescribing information for ZERIT((r))
for additional information regarding the recommended use of
stavudine. If you have any further questions, please contact
the Medical Information Department at Bristol-Myers Squibb
Company at 1-800-426-7644.

Sincerely, Michael R. Stevens, PharmD, Vice President,
Medical Affairs, Virology

i. Brinkman K. Management of hyperlactatemia: no need for
routine lactate measurements. AIDS 2001; 15: 795-797.

ii. John M, Moore CB, James IR, et al. Chronic
hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking
antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2001; 15: 717-723.

iii. Lonergan JT, Havlir D, Barber E, Mathews WC. Incidence
and Outcome of Hyperlactatemia Associated with Clinical
Manifestations in HIV-Infected Adults Receiving NRTI-
Containing Regimens. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and
Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, February 2001 [abstract
624].

iv. Gerard Y, Maulin L, et al. Symptomatic hyperlactatemia:
an emerging complication of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS
2000; 14: 2723-2730.


***** FDA Approves New Dosing for Amprenavir and Ritonavir
Combination

The FDA sent the following email on February 6, 2002:

On February 5, 2002, FDA approved a new dosing regimen for
Agenerase (amprenavir) and Norvir (ritonavir) used in
combination. The Dosage and Administration section of the
amprenavir package insert was revised to include the
following statement:

Concomitant Therapy: If Agenerase and ritonavir are used in
combination, the recommended dosage regimens are: Agenerase
1200 mg with ritonavir 200 mg once daily or Agenerase 600 mg
with ritonavir 100 mg twice daily.

The following revisions were also made to the Agenerase
package insert regarding the use of the Agenerase plus
ritonavir.

* The Clinical Pharmacology section was revised to add
information about the pharmacokinetics of amprenavir when it
is co-administered with ritonavir.

* Table 8 (Established and Other Potentially Significant Drug
Interactions) was revised to state that when amprenavir and
ritonavir are co-administered, the dose of amprenavir should
be reduced.

* The Precautions section was revised to provide additional
information about possible cholesterol, triglyceride and
liver transaminase elevations when amprenavir is co-
administered with ritonavir.

* The Precautions section was also revised to provide
information about the potential for lipid elevations;
guidance on monitoring and managing these clinical chemistry
abnormalities was included.

* The Adverse Reactions section was revised to include a
table describing common adverse events observed in patients
who received amprenavir 600mg + ritonavir 100mg BID (twice
daily) and amprenavir 1200mg + ritonavir 200mg QD (once
daily).

The label hyperlinked below in PDF format:
http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2002/21007s010lbl.pdf


***** FDA Approves Once-Daily Efavirenz Formulation, Revised
Labeling

The FDA sent the following email on February 4:

The FDA approved on February 1, 2002, a new formulation of
Sustiva (efavirenz), a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection. Sustiva will
now be available as a 600 mg tablet to be taken once daily,
in combination with a protease inhibitor and/or nucleoside
analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Sustiva,
will continue to be available in the 50mg, 100, and 200 mg
capsules in addition to the new 600 mg tablet.

In addition, the Sustiva label was revised to include new
statements in the DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION section. The
revised statements are shown within >< symbols, below.

'Adults: The recommended dosage of SUSTIVA is 600 mg orally,
once daily, in combination with a protease inhibitor and/or
nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
>It is recommended that SUSTIVA be taken on an empty stomach,
preferably at bedtime. The increased efavirenz concentrations
observed following administration of SUSTIVA with food may
lead to an increase in frequency of adverse events. Dosing at
bedtime may improve the tolerability of nervous system
symptoms.<'

In addition the CLINICAL PHARMAOLOGY and PRECAUTIONS sections
have been updated to include drug interaction information on
Sustiva with the following medications: St. John's wort,
lorazepam, methadone, cetirizine and rifabutin. The ADVERSE
REACTION section was also revised to update the incidences of
adverse events and laboratory abnormalities seen in clinical
trials.

The revised label hyperlinked below in PDF format:
http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2002/21360lbl.pdf


***** AIDS Treatment and Related Conferences, March through
December 2002

AIDS TREATMENT NEWS compiled this list and checked the Web
sites as we went to press in early March. Please let us know
of other meetings that should be on this list. We can run
updates if necessary.

* 2002 National STD Prevention Conference, March 4-7, San
Diego
http://www.stdconference.org/

* The Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA),
March 14 - 15, Washington DC
http://www.pacha.gov

* The Crisis of Neglected Diseases: Developing Treatments and
Ensuring Access, March 14, New York City,
http://www.neglecteddiseases.org/ Organized by MSF (Doctors
Without Borders) and others -- not focused on AIDS but
relevant to global medical care.

* 15th International Conference on Antiviral Research,
Prague, Czech Republic, March 17-21
http://isar-icar.com/icarmain.html

* National AIDS Update Conference (NAUC), March 19-22, San
Francisco (sponsored by the American Foundation for AIDS
Research)
http://www.nauc.org

* 2002 HIV Advocacy Network Conference, "Making Room at the
Table: Keeping HIV/AIDS on the Priority List," Saturday March
23, 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. For more information contact Elisa
Quarles, 415-487-3085, or George Greenwell, 415-487-3080, at
the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.

* Conference on the International Patent System, March 25-27,
Geneva,
http://patentagenda.wipo.int/meetings/2002/index.html

* HIV-1 Protection and Control by Vaccination, April 5-11,
Keystone, Colorado
http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=613

* HIV Pathogenesis: Recent Advances in the Biology and
Pathogenesis of Primate Lentiviruses, April 5-11, Keystone,
Colorado
http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/viewmeetings.cfm?Meetingid=612

* CANCELLED: 4th European Symposium on the Clinical
Implications of HIV Drug Resistance, had been scheduled for
April 5-7, in Frankfurt, Germany
http://www.intmedpress.com/frankfurt/

* Rally to support The Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis, and Malaria, April 10, Washington DC
email: actup@...

* Third International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of
HIV Infection, April 11-13, Washington DC (co-sponsored by
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
http://www.virology-education.com/index2.html
(click on the conference)

* Fifth International Conference on Healthcare Resource
Allocation for HIV/AIDS, April 15-17, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
http://www.iapac.org/conference/01news.html

* Antiviral Chemotherapy: New Directions for clinical
Applications and Research, April 18-20, San Francisco,
California
http://medicine.ucsf.edu/cme/2002cal/K131.html

* 3rd European Workshop On Lipodystrophy & Metabolic
Disorders, April 25-27, Marbella, Spain
http://www.kobe-lipodystrophy.com/

* 12th Annual Clinical Care Options for HIV Symposium, April
25-28, Miami, Florida "This meeting is designed for and
limited to experienced frontline primary HIV care physicians,
clinical researchers, other advanced frontline clinicians
actively treating HIV infected individuals... For faculty and
agenda details, please visit the Symposium website at
www.imedoptions.com <http://www.imedoptions.com> or forward
e-mail inquiries to registration@...."

* The Second Collaborative Research Seminar on HIV and Other
Viral Entry Inhibitors, May 3-5, 2002, The Waldorf Astoria,
New York, NY The Macrae Group, 230 East 79th St, Suite 8E, NY
10021, 212-988-7732 212-717-1222 macraegrp@...
Abstract deadline 3/15; registration for this conference cost
$795 ($300 student).

* CPCRA (Spring 2002 Group Meeting of the Terry Beirn
Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS), May 4-6,
Reston, Virginia
http://www.cpcra.org

* Fifth Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, May 6-8,
Baltimore MD
http://www.nfid.org/conferences/vaccine02/

* Microbicides 2002, May 12-15, Antwerp, Belgium
http://www.itg.be/micro2002/

* International AIDS Candlelight Memorial, May 19, in 500
cities in 75 countries
http://www.candlelightmemorial.org/

* Digestive Disease Week 2002, May 19-22, San Francisco,
California
http://www.ddw.org

* Technical Assistance -- How to Get It Right, MSF (Doctors
Without Borders), OXFAM, and others will hold a conference on
implementation of the Doha Declaration on international trade
rules and public health, May 28, Geneva
http://www.accessmed-msf.org/

* First International Young Peoples Conference on Aids in
Africa, May 28 - June 1, 2002, Mombasa Kenya. Contact William
O'Dour, The Secretariat, Afyoac's First International Africa
Young Peoples Conference on Aids, Kisumu, Kenya, Tel : 254 35
51512, Fax: 254 35 21834, Mobile: 072 -741222,
afyoac@...

* First African AIDS Vaccine Program (AAVP), June 3-4, Cape
Town, South Africa. For information contact Marie-Louise
Chang, changml@...

* AIDSWATCH (largest AIDS lobbying/education event), June 9-11,
Washington DC
http://www.napwa.org/

* 12th International Symposium on HIV & Emerging Infectious
Diseases, June 13-15, Toulon, France
http://www.avps.org

* Neuroscience of HIV Infection, June 19-22, Düsseldorf,
Germany
http://www.uky.edu/SMRT/neurosci.html

* XI International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop: Basic
Principles & Clinical Implications, July 2-5, Seville, Spain
http://www.informedhorizons.com/resistance2002/

* Communities in Action: Knowledge, Commitment and Challenge,
July 7 (community forum at Barcelona, with space for 1500
delegates -- registration deadline May 10),
http://www.aids2002.com

* XIV International AIDS Conference, July 7-12, Barcelona,
Spain
http://www.aids2002.com
(Note: There will be many satellite meetings as well, usually
in the days before the main conference.)

* AACTG (Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group) 2000 Summer
Meeting (Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group), July 27-31,
Arlington, Virginia
http://aactg.s-3.com/

* 2002 International Meeting of the Institute of Human
Virology, September 9-13, Baltimore, MD
http://www.ihv.org/

* United States Conference on AIDS, September 19-22, Anaheim,
California
http://www.nmac.org/usca/default.htm

* 4th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and
Lipodystrophy in HIV, September 22-25, San Diego, California
http://conferences.intmedpress.com/lipodystrophy

* 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and
Chemotherapy (ICAAC), September 27-30, San Diego, California
http://www.icaac.org/ICAAC.asp

* 5th International Workshop on HIV, Cells of
Macrophage/Dendritic Lineage and Other Reservoirs, October
13-15, Rome, Italy,
http://www.eac.it

* DNA Vaccines 2002: The Gene Vaccine Conference, October 23-
25, Edinburgh, UK
http://www.dnavaccine.com/

* Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), October 24-
27, Chicago, Illinois
http://www.idsociety.org/ME/AM2002/ToC.htm

* American Public Health Association (APHA), November 9-13,
Philadelphia
http://www.apha.org/meetings/

* CPCRA (Winter 2002 Group Meeting of the Terry Beirn
Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS), November
16-18, Washington DC,
http://www.cpcra.org

* 6th International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV
Infection, Glasgow, Scotland, November 17-21,
http://www.hiv6.com

* AACTG (Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group) 2000 Winter
Meeting, December 3-7, Arlington, Virginia
http://aactg.s-3.com/

* Third HIV DRP Symposium, Antiviral Drug Resistance,
December 8-11, 2002, Chantilly, Virginia
http://web.ncifcrf.gov/campus/symposium/

* HIV DART 2002, Frontiers in Drug Development for
Antiretroviral Therapies, December 15-19, Naples, FL,
http://www.informedhorizons.com/hivdart2002

For other AIDS conference lists, see:
http://www.thebody.com/treat/conf.html#upcoming


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