Uyghurlar duch kiliwatqan saghlamliq mesilliri

(dawami)

6- Uyghur Ilidiki kochmenlerning we turaqsiz kishilerning hessilep
kopiyish her xil yuqumluq kiselliklerning Uyghur Ilida we Uyghurlar
arisida koplep tarqilishigha sewep bolmaqta.

Hokumetning pilanliq we pilansiz kochmen yotkesh we gheripni ichish
siyasitining netijiside, kopligen Xittay kochmenliri Uyghur Iligha
iqip kirgen bolup, bu kishilerning turmushi, turalghu jayi, ixtizadi
kirimi, kisel kourunush qatarliq jehetlerdiki turaqsizliqi, we
ulargha bolghan bashqurushning sistimilashmighanlighi tupeylidin, her
xil kisellikler bolupmu her xil yuqumluq kiselliklerning rayon atlap
tarqilishigha biwaste sewep bolmaqta.

Bates Gill we Song Gangning <<Shinjangdiki Eydiz>> digen maqalisida
Junggodiki kochmenler sani 1995-yili 53.5 miliyun bolghan bolsa, 2004-
yiligha kelgende 140 miliyungha yetkenligi, 2020-yiligha barghanda
300 ~ 500 miliyun ariliqida bolidighanlighi dokilat qilinghan.
Ichkirdin Uyghur iligha kelgen kochmenlerning hokumet
sitatistikisidiki sani 1995-yilidin 2000-yilighiche bolghan 5 yil
ichide 2.5 miliyun bolup, yiqinqi yilarda Uyghur iligha kochmen bolup
kelgenlerning omumi sani 5, 6 miliyungha yetken. Undin bashqa her
yili texminen 600000 waqitliq kochmen Uyghur iligha paxta yighiwilish
uchun kilidiken.

7-Uyghur ilidiki bay kembighellik periqining chongiyishi we Uyghur
ili xelqining turmush we yimek ichmek aditidiki ozgurushler, Uyghur
ilidiki her xil kiselliklerge giriptar bolghuchilarning kopiyishidiki
seweplerning biri hisaplinidu.

Junggoning Islahat, Gheripni ichish siyasitinining emillishige
egiship Uyghur ilining ixtizadi we ijtimayi qurulmisida bezi
ozgurushler yuz berdi. Ichkirdin kelgen kochmenlerni merkez qilghan
bir qisim kishiler biyighan bolsa, keng Uyghur dixxanlirini merkez
qilghan nurghun kishilerning turmush sewiyeside chong ozgurushler
bolmidi, beziliri hetta yerdin ayrilip qilish, emgek kuchi yiterlik
bolmasliq, we yaki ishliq sewepler tupeylidin, ixtizadi ehwali
burunqidinmu nacharliship, hetta kisel bolup qalsa doxturgha
korunelmeydighan haletke chushup qaldi. Ixtizadi tereqqi qilghan
chong sheherlerdiki kishiler, xizmettin siritqi waqitlirini her xil
olturash, yep ichishlar bilen kompiyutur, internetke serip
qilidighan, herketni az qilidighan, beden chinuqturqa
qatnashmaydighanlar koyishke bashlidi. Netijide, Uyghur ilidiki
diyabit kisili, yurek qan tomur kisili qatarliq simizlik bilen
munasiwetlik ¡°baylar kisili¡±ge giriptar bolghanlar bilen her xil
yuqumluq kisili qatarliq ¡°Kembigheller kisili¡±ge giriptar
bolghanlarning sani hessilep kopyishke bashlidi.

Qoshumche: ¡°Baylar kisili¡± we ¡°Kembigheller kisili¡±

Bezi kishiler ixtizadi tereqqi qilghan rayon, dowletlerde we yaki
ixtizadi yaxshi kishiler arisida kop uchuraydighan bezi kisellerni
baylar kisili dep ataydighan bolup, bu kiseller Tajisiman Yurek Qan
Tomur Kisili (¹ÚÐIJ¡), Yuquri Qan Bisimi (¸ßѪѹ), Qizil Qan Tomur
Qitiwilish Kisili (¶¯ÂöÓ²»¯) qatarliq yurek qan tomur kisili (ÐÄѪ¹Ü¼²
²¡), Minge Qansizlinip Olush Kisili (ÄÔ¹£ËÀ), Mingige Qan Chushush
Kisili (ÄÔ³öѪ), Minge Qan Tomuri Qitishiwilish Kisili (ÄÔѪ¹ÜÓ²»¯)
qatarliq minge qan tomur kisili (ÄÔѪ¹Ü¼²²¡) we diaybit kisili (ÌÇÄò²¡)
qatarliq kisellerni oz ichige alidighan bolup, bu kiseller asasen
kishilerning gosh, may we tatliq yimeklikler qatarliq yuquri
inirgiyelik yimekliklerni kop istimal qilishi bilen biwaste
munasiwetlik bolup, herketni az qilidighan simiz kishiler arisida kop
uchuraydu. Bu kisel adette ixtizadi tereqqi qilmighan kembighel
rayunlardiki kembighel kishiler arisida bek kop uchurmaydu.

Bezi kishiler ixtizadi tereqqi qilmighan rayon, dowletlerde we yaki
kembighel kishiler arisida kop uchuraydighan bezi kisellerni
kembigheller kisili dep ataydighan bolup, bu kiseller her xil
tebirkiloz kisili (½áºË²¡), jigger yallughi (¸ÎÑ×), bezgek (ű¼²),
kezik (É˺®), ichi suruk (Á¡¼²)£¬qapliq qurut kisili (°ü³æ²¡), her xil
medde qurut kisili (¼ÄÉú³æ²¡) qartarlqi her xil yuqumluq kiseller we
parazit qurut kisilini oz ichige alidighan bolup, bu kiseller asasen
kishilerning yimek ichmeklirining nachar bolushi, yeni ozuqluq
yitishmeslik, yimek ichmek tazliqining nachar bolushi, ichimlik
suyining bulghunishi, kishilerning tazliq we ang sewiyesining towen
bolushi qatarliq sewepler bilen biwaste munasiwetlik. Bu kiseller
adette Afriqining otur qismidiki tereqqi tapmighan dowletler bilen
bezi Asiya dowletliride kop uchuraydu, biraq tereqqi qilghan gherip
memliketlerde we chong sheherlerdiki ixtizadi yaxshi bolghan bay
kishiler arisida asasen bek kop uchurmaydu.

(dawami bar)

Uyghurlar duch kiliwatqan saghlamliq mesilliri

Dawami

2-Uyghur Ilida ilip birilgha atum siniqining tesiri.

1964-yili 10-ayda Junggo hokumiti Uyghur Ilide tunji qitimliq atum
siniqi ilip barghandin hazirgha qeder nurghun qitim atum siniqi ilip
barghan bolup, gerche hokumet Uyghur Ilide ilip barghan atum
siniqining yerlik xelqlerning salametlikige ziyan salmighanliqi
toghursida alahide teshwiqatlarni qilip kelgen bolsimu, biraq atum
siniqining Uyghur Ili xelqining salametlikige ilip kelgen ziyanliri
koz yumghili bolmaydighan bir heqiqet.

3- Uyghurlar behriman bolalaydighan we behriman boliwatqan saqliqni
saqlash orunliri, esteliri we uskunlirining yitersizliki we
tengpungsizliqi.

Hokumet tor bitide ilan qilghan <<Shinjiang Uyghur Aptinum Rayunining
Omumi Ehwali>> digen maqalidiki sanliq melumatlargha asaslanghanda,
gerche putun Uyghur Ilidiki chong kichik doxturxanilarning sani 1500
din, sehiye xadimlarning sani 96 ming din ashqan bolsimu, biraq bu
doxturxanilar ichide dawalash texnikisi we saqliqni saqlash sewiyesi
Junggoning otura-yuqiri sewiyesige yetken doxturxanilar sani nahayti
cheklik bolup, ularning muteleq kop qismi Urumchi qatarliq chong
sheherlerge toplashqan.

Hokumet sitatiskisigha asanlanghanda putun Uyghur nopusining aran
19.44% chong kichik sheherlerge olturaqlashqan bolup, sheherde
olturaqlashqan bu Uyghurlarning peqet bir qismila bu doxturxanilar
teminligen yuquri sewiyelik saqliqni saqlash mulazimetliridin
behriman bolalaydu.

Uyghur nopusining 80.56% yiza qishlaqlargha olturaqlashqan bolup, bu
yiza qishlaqlardiki doxturxana we sehiye xadimlirining dawalash
texnikisi, tibbi uskune we saqliqni saqlash mulazimetliri yenila
iptidayi halalette. Shu seweptin Uyghurlarning mutleq kop qismi
yenila yuquri sewiyelik saqliqni saqlash mulazimetliridin behriman
bolalmaydu, yaki kem digende waxtida unumluk behriman bolalmaydu.

Bu Uyghurlarning saqliqni saqlishi we kisellikning aldini ilishining
qiyin bolushidiki muhim seweplerning biri.

4- Mutleq kop sandiki Uyghurlarning hichqandaq ijtimayi parawanliq we
saqliqni saqlash sughurttisidin behriman bolalmasliqi, yaki ijtimayi
parawanliq we saqliqni saqlash sughurttisidin toluq behriman
bolalmasliqi.

Yuqurda eytilghinidek hokumet sitatiskisigha asanlanghanda putun
Uyghur nopusining 80.56% yizilargha, aran 19.44% chong kichik
sheherlerge olturaqlashqan bolghachqa, Uyghurlarning ichide muqim
xizmiti bar, xizmet orni we yaki hokumet teminligen jemiyet
parawanliqi we salametlik sughurttisidin behriman
bolalaydighanlarning sani 10% yetmeydu. Yiza qishlaqlargha
olturaqlashqan 80.56% Uyghurlar bilen sheherlerdiki muqim xizmet orni
yoq Uyghurlar bolup, jemi 90% etirapidiki Uyghurlar hokumet yaki
xizmet orni teminligen saqliqni saqlash sughurttisidin behriman
bolalmaydu.

Bu Uyghurlarning bir qisimliri gerche yiqindin biri yolgha
qoyiliwatqan hemkarliq sughurttisigha eza bolghan bolsimu, biraq
kisel bolghanda, bu sughurttilardin dawalinish heqqini ilishi nahayti
qiyin. Mutlek kop sandiki Uyghurlar oz yinidin pul chiqirip doxturgha
korungenligi we dawalanghanlighi uchun, ular qerelik salametlik
tekshurush digendek kisellikning aldini ilishta muhim bolghan
saqliqni saqlash mulazimetliridin behriman bolmaydu.

Uyghurlar arisidiki ishsizliq we her xil ixtizadi qiyinchiliq
tupeylidin, mutleq kop sandiki Uyghurlar peqet ighir kiselge giriptar
bolghanda yaki kisili ighirliship amal bolmighanda doxturgha birip
korunush imkaniyitige ige. Bu Uyghurlarning saqliqni saqlashida duch
kiliwatqan muhim ijtimayi mesililerning biri hisaplinidu.

5-Uyghur ayalliri duch kiliwatqan qayta qayta bala aldurwitish
opiratsiyesi Uyghur ayallirining her xil ayallar kisilige giriptar
bolushidiki seweplerning biri hisaplinidu.

Uyghur ayalliri bolupmu yizilardiki Uyghur ayalliri hamildar bolup
qilishni Xudaning iltipatidin dep qarighachqa, hem hamildar bolup
qilishtin saqlinish uchun alahide chare tebbir qollanmighanliqtin we
yaki qandaq qilghanda hamildar bolup qilishtin saqlanghilighi
bolidighanliq toghursida alahide sawatqa ige bolmasliqi sewibidin,
qayta qayta hamildar bolup qilishtek ehwallar, bolupmu dixxan ayallar
arisida bir az omumlashqan bolup, ularning pilandin sirit hamildar
bolghanlighi sizilgen haman pilanliq tughutqa mesul xadimlar
teripidin bala alghuziwitish opiratsiyesi qilishqa mejburlinidu. Eger
bundaq opiratsiyeler qayta qayta kop qitim sadir bolsa, bolupmu bu
xil opiratsiyeler alhide dizinpiksiye qilinmighan nachar
sharahitlarda ilip birilsa, ayallarning salametlikige biwaste ziyan
kelturidu. Bu Uyghur ayallarning her xil ayallar kisilige giriptar
bolush nisbitining bashqa ayallardin yuquri bolishidiki seweplerning
biri.

(dawami bar)

Uyghurlar duch kiliwatqan saghlamliq mesilliri

(Dawami)

Uyghurlar arisidiki her xil kiselliklerge giriptar bolghuchilarning
uzluksiz kopiyishining asaliq sewepliri

1- Uyghur Ilining ikologiyelik tengpulluqning ighir derijide
buzulushi we muhitining ighir derijide bulghunushi.

Junggo hokumitining gheripni ichish siyasitining emillishishi,
miliyunlighan Xittay kochmenlirining Uyghur Iligha kochmen bolup
kilishi we ishlep chiqirish omumi mesulat qimmitini qarghularche
qoghlushushi, Uyghur Ili yer asti bayliqini heddidin ziyade tiz
surette ichishi qatarliq sewepler tupeyldin Uyghur Ilining
ikologiyelik tengpungliqida ighir derijide buzulush, muhitida misili
korulmigen derijide bulghunush bolup, Uyghur Ili xelqining
salametlikige ighir derijide tehdit ilip keldi.

Uyghur Ili xelqi iriq ostengdiki iqin sularni istimal qilishqa
adetlengen bolup, iriq osteng sulirining pakizliqigha alahide
ehmiyet birip kelgen idi. Yiqinqi yillardin biri her xil chong
kichik layaqetsiz zawut fabrikilar koplep qurulup, sanaet exletliri
we is tutekler, hichqandaq bir terep qilinmayla, muhitqa qoyup
birildi. Netijide Uyghurlar uzun zamanlardin biri ichishke
adetlengen su menbeliri we insanlar yashashta kem bolsa bolmaydighan
hawa ighir derijide bulghunushqa yuzlendi. Uyghurlar topliship
olturaqlashqan kopligen jaylarda, olchemlik ichimlik su esteliri
toluq bolmighachqa, yenila shu bulghanghan sularni istimal qilishtin
bashqa amali yoq idi.

Esli Uyghur Ilining zimini keng, nopusi az, adem bishigha texsim
bolidighan tirilghu jay mol, yiza igilik we charwuchiliq mesulatliri
yiterlik bolup, yiza igilik we charwuchiliq saheside tebi usullar
arqiliq ishlep chirish ilip birilatti, her xil dixxanchiliq doriliri
we ximiyelik oghutlarni ishletmey kelgen idi. Islahat we gheripni
ichish qedimining tizlishishi, kopligen kochmenlerning ichkir
olkilerdin Uyghur Iligha kochup kilishishige egiship, Uyghur Iling
nopusi sun¡¯i halda tiz surette kopiyip, tirilghu yerler azlap ketti,
dixanchiliq we charwichiliq mesulatlirigha bolghan ihtiyaj tiz
surette ashti, nurghunlighan ormanlar we yaylaqlar tirilghu
jaylargha ozgertildi, yiza igilik ishlep chirishta xer xil
dixanchilqi we ximiyelik dorilar keng kolemde ishlitilishke bashlidi.

Uyghur Ili nopusning sun¡¯i halda tiz surette iship birishi, koplep
boz yerlerning ozleshturlishi, yer asti su we kan bayliqining koplep
ichilishi, del derexlerning koplep kisilishi, yaylaqlarning
buzulishi netijiside, Uyghur Ilining kopligen jaylirida ighir
derijide su kemlik kilip chiqip, chollishish qedimi tizleshti.
Yiqinqi yillardin buyan Uyghur Ilining nurghun jayliri kop qitim
topa yaghish, qara boran chiqish, kunduzlikide korush ariliqi bir
nechche mitirgha barmaydighan ghelite ehwallar yuz berdi.

2007-yili 2-ayning 13-kuni Bayliq Menbesi (Ziyuan) tor betide ilan
qilghan <<Yiqinqi 50 Yilliq Shinjangning Su we Yer Menbesini Ichish
we U Kelturup Chiqarghan Ikologiyelik Tengpungluq Mesilisi>> digen
maqalida, 20-esirning 50-yillirida Uyghur Ilida kolimi 5 kuwadirat
kilomitirdin artuq kilidighan koller jemi 52 bolup, omumi kolimi
9700 kuwadirat kilomitir bolghan bolsa, 70-yillarning axirigha
kelgende, bu kollerning omumi kolimining 4748 kuwadirat kilomitirgha
chushup qalghanlighi bayan qilinghan.

Uyghur Ilida esli mewjut bolghan nurghunlighan yawayi haywanlar we
yawayi qushlar su menbesining aslap kitishi we bulghunishi,
ormanlarning buzulishi netijised kunsayin azlap, beziliri yoqilip
kitish girdawigha yitip barmaqta.

Junggo Kan Gizitining 2007-yili 7-ayning 3-kunidiki sanida, 2007-
yili 6-ayning 11-kuni ilan qilinghan <<2006-yilliq Dowletlik Sheher
Muhitini Bashqurush we Bir Tutash Bir Terep Qilish Yilliq Dokilati>>
ni asas qilip turup, <<Shinjangning Yer Asti Bayliqini Ichish bilen
Muhitni Qoghdash Arisidiki Chong Toqunush>> namliq bir maqale ilan
qilghan bolup, bu maqalida muhiti eng ighir derijide bulghanghan
sheherler eng kop bolghan 3 olke we rayunning Uyghur Ili, Liyawning,
Shenshi ikenligi oturgha qoyulghan.

Bu maqalida Liyawningnning Junggoning kona sanaet bazisi ikenligini,
Shanshining komur kan bazisi ikenligini, shu seweptin bu ikki olkide
muhiti eng ighir derijide bulghanghan sheherlerning kop bolushining
eqilge muhapiq ikenligini, biraq zimini keng, tebi muhiti guzel
Uyghur Ilining qisqighina waqit ichide muhiti eng ighir derijide
bulghanghan sheherler eng kop bolghan rayunlar qataridin orun
alghanlighi ademni heyran qaldurdighanlighi alahide tilghan ilinghan.

Bu maqalida yene Urumchidiki 1-Awghust Polat Zawutini kan tashliri
bilen teminleydighan Qumuldiki Yamansu Tomur Kinini alahide missal
qilip, Yamansu gerche esli suyi mol, menzirsi guzel bir jay bolsimu,
biraq hazir heddidin ziyade ichilghanlighi tupeylidin, chol
jezirlerge aylanghanlighi, emiliyette bolsa putun Uyghur Ilining
ighir muhit bulghnushqa we ikologiyelik tengpulqning ighir derijide
buzulushqa yuzlengenligi, inkar qilishqa bolmaydighan bir heqiqetke
aylanghanlighi alahide tekitlengen.

Shinjang Uyghur Aptinom Rayunining Muhit Qoghdash Teshwiqat
Merkizining tor betide ilan qilghan <<Shinjangning Muhit Supiti
Ehwali>> digen maqalida Uyghur Ili muhitining bulghnushning asasliq
menbesining sanaet is tutekliri, sanaet exletliri, sanaet qalduq
suliri, komur is tutekliri, qum we topa yighish, heddidin ziyade
ishlitilgen dixxanchiliq dora we ximiyelik oghutlar qalduqliri
ikenligi bayan qilinghan.

Yuqarqi maqalidiki sanliq melumatlargha asaslanghanda, 1995-yili bir
yil ichide putun Uyghur ilide hawagha qoyup birilgen sanaet gazining
miqtari 173458 miliyun (1734.58ÒÚ) kup miter, muhitqa qoyup birilgen
sanaet bulghan qalduq suyining miqdari 190 miliyun (19000 Íò)
tonnigha yetken.

(Dawami bar)

Uyghurlar duch kiliwatqan saghlamliq mesilliri

(Dawami)

Undaqta Uyghurlar arisidiki her xil kiselliklerge giriptar
bolghuchilarning uzluksiz kopiyishige qaysi amillar sewep bolghan?

Bu soalgha jawap birish uchun, aldi bilen adem bedinide kisel peyda
qilidighan amillar bilen tonushup otmeklik lazim.

Adem bedini her kuni digudek her xil kisellik peyda qilghuchi
amillar bilrn uchurshup turidu, biraq adem bedini uchurashqan bu her
xil kisellik peyda qilghuchi amillarning hemmisi adem bedinide kisel
peyda qilmaydu. Kisellik peyda qilghuchi amillar adem bediniye
kirgendin kiyin, adem bedinining kisellikke qarshi turush qabiliyiti
bilen kisellik peyda qilghuchi amillar arisida kuch sinash bolidu.
Eger bu kuch sinashta adem bedinige kirgen kisellik peyda qilghuchi
amillar utup chiqsa, adem bedinide kisellik peyda bolidu. Eger bu
kuch sinashta adem bedinining kisellikke qarshi turush qabiliyiti
utup chiqsa, adem bedinide kisel peyda bolmaydu.

Adem bedinide kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar gerche nahayti kop
bolsimu, biraq ularni towendiki 6 xil turge yighinchaqlashqa bolidu.

1- Biyologiyelik Amillar; bu turdiki kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar
her xil virus, baktirye we parazit qurutlarni oz ichige alidu.
Biyologiyelik kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar adette nepes yoli, hezim
qilish yoli, suduk we jinsi yol, zexmilengen tire qatarliq yollar
arqiliq, adem benige kirip, kisel peyda qilidu. Waxti otup buzulup
qalghan yimek ichmekliklermu mushu turge kiridu.

2- Ximiyelik Amillar; bu turdiki kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar
dixxanchiliqta ishlitilidighan her xil ximiyelik oghut we dorilarni,
sanaette ishlitilidighan her xil ximiyelik maddilarni, sanaet
exletlirini, atum siniqi peyda qilghan her xil ximiyelik maddilarni,
zeherlik maddilarni, her xil is tuteklerni, her xil ximiyelik
dorilarni, layaqetsiz yaki saxta saqliqni saqlash boyumlirini we
girim qilish boyumlirini oz ichige alidu. Adette her xil
dixxanchiliq doriliri we zeherlik maddilar bilen bulghanghan yimek
ichmekliklernimu mushu turge kirguzushke bolidu.

3- Yimek Ichmek we Turmush Amilliri; bu turdiki kisel peyda
qilghuchi amillar asasliqi adem bedinide simizlik bilen munasiwetlik
her xil kisellikerni peyda qilidighan gosh, may, kolestirol we
shiker qatarliq yuquri inirgiyelik yimeklilerni, kop yep kop ichish,
az herket qilish, beden chiniqturushqa qatnashmasliq qatarliq
turmush adetlirini oz ichige alidu.

4- Irsi Amillar; bu turdiki kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar her xil
ghelite xirimosoma (heteromorphic chromosomes, ÒìÐÎȾɫÌå), ginning
ushtumtut ozgurushi (mutant gene, Í»±ä»ùÒò) qatarliq amillarni oz
ichige alidu.

5- Fizikiliq Amillar; bu turdiki kisel peyda qilghuchi amillar her
xil radiyaktipliq nurlarni, kuchluk quyash nurini, heddidin ziyade
yuquri we towen timpiraturni, yuquri chastotiliq awaz dolqunlirini
we adem pedinide zexmey peyda qilidighan er xil mixanikliq amillarni
oz ichige alidu.

6- Pisxilogiyelike amillar; bu amillar kishilerning rohi haliti,
yeni turmushtiki xer xil rohi bisim, alahide achiqlinish,
azaplinish, xorlunush, kemsitilish, chetke qilish qatarliq rohi we
ijtimayi amillarni oz ichige alidu.

(dawami bar)

Uyghurlar duch kiliwatqan saghlamliq mesilliri

Memet Emin

1982-yili ilan qilghan 3-qitimliq memliketlik nopus tekshurush
netijiside korsutulishiche, putun Uyghur Ilida 100 yashtin artuq
omur korgen omur cholpanlirining sani 865 bolup, putun Junggodiki
100 yashtin artuq omur korgen omur cholpanlirining 22.5% ni
igelligen. Putun Uyghur Ilidiki her 100 ming adem ichide 100 yashtin
artuq omur korgen omur cholpanlirining sani 6.61 ge yitip, Uyghur
Ilidiki uzun omur korguchilerning sani Junggoning bashqa jaylirigha
silishturghanda nechche hesse kop bolghan. Bolupmu Uyghurlar
toplushup olturaqlashqan Xoten, Qeshqer we Aqsu qatarlqi jaylarda
100 yashtin artuq umur korgenlerning sani alahide yuquri bolup, bu 3
rayundiki 100 yashtin artuq uzun omur korguchilerning omumi sani,
putun Uyghur Ilidiki 100 yashtin artuq uzun omur korguchiler omumi
sanining 73.4% ni igelligen. Shu seweptin 1985-yili Uyghur Ili
Xelqaraliq Tebi Tibbi Penler Jemiyiti teripidin dunyadiki 4 chong
uzun omurguchiler kop rayunning biri qatarda enge ilinghan.

Shinjang Ixtizadi Gizitide 2004-yili ilan qilghan <<Shinjangning
oturche omuri yirim esir ichide 30 yash ashti>> digen maqalida,
Junggowang tor bitide ilan qilghan <<2005 Junggo Shinjang>> digen
maqalida, Uyghur Ilining sahiye we saqliqni saqlash sewiyeside yirim
esirdin buyan yuksek yaxshilinishlarning bolghanlighi tekitlinip,
Uyghur Ilidiki yingi tughulghan bowaqlarning olup kitish nisbiti
eslidiki 1000 de 420~600 din, 2004-yildiki 1000 de 29.76 ge
towenligenliki oturgha qoyulghan. Biraq Jang Tiyan lu (Zhang Tian
Lu) yazghan <<Jonggodiki Az Sanliq Milletler Nopusi Heqqide
Tetqiqat>> digen maqalida yingi tughulghan Uyghur bowaqlirining olup
kitish nisbiti 1000 de 50 din yuquri bolup, yingi tughulghan
bowaqlarning olup kitish nisbitining yuqurliqi jehette Junggoda
Tibettin qalsa ikkinji orunda turidighanlighi oturgha qoyulghan.

Yuqarqi maqalilarda yene Uyghur Ilidiki ighir ayaq ayallarning olup
kitish nisbitining eslidiki 100 mingde 1500 din, 2004-yildiki 100
mingde 123.7 ge towenligenliki, we shundaqla Uyghur Ili xelqining
oturche omurining 1949-yili 30 yashqa yetmeydighanlighi, 2004-
yiligha kelgende Uyghur Ili xelqining oturche omurining 63 yashqa
yetkenligi alahide tilgha ilinghan. Shinjangning hokumet tor bitide
ilan qilghan <<Shinjang Uyghur Aptinum Rayunining Omumi Ehwali>>
digen maqalida bolsa Sheri Turkistan xelqining hazirqi oturche
omurining 71.12 yashqa yetkenligi oturgha qoyulghan.

Yirim esirdin buyan gerche Uyghur Ilida mewjut bolghan moxu kisili,
bezgek kisili, qizil, chichek, yerlik qalqansiman bez osmisi
(poxaq), taz qatarliq bezi kona kiseller unumluk konturul qilinip,
Uyghur Ilining saqliqni saqlash, dawalash we sehiye ishlirida bezi
kozge korunerlik derijide ozgurushler bolghan bolsimu, biraq kona
kisellerning konturul bolushi we bezi kona mesililerning hel
bolshigha egiship, Uyghur Ili xelqi kunsayin ighirlishiwatqan
ikologiyelik tengpungluqning buzulishi, muhitning bulghunushi,
zeherlik chikimlik, eydiz kisili, her xil rak kisili, her xil
yuqumluk kisellikler, yurek qan tomur kisili, diyabit kisili
qatarliq yingi saghlamliq mesililerge duch kelmekte.

Iniq bolmighan sitastikigha asaslanghanda, yiqinqi yillardin buyan
Uyghurlar arisida her xil kiselliklerge yeni her xil rak kisili, xer
xil yuqumluq kisellikler, diyabit kisili, yurek qan tomur
kisellikliri, we her xil gheyri nemelum kiselliklerge giriptar
bolghan kishilerning sani uzluksiz kopiyip, 40 ~ 50 yashlar
ariliqida olup kitiwatqanlarning sani tiz surette kopeymekte.

Junggo Osme Kiseller Sanliq Melumat Abiri tor bitide ilan qilghan
bala yatqu boyun rakining tarqilish ehwaligha munasiwetlik
maqalidiki sanliq melumatlargha asaslanghanda, Uyghur ayallirining
bala yatqu boyun rakigha giriptar bolush we bu kisel bilen olup
kitish nisbitin Junggo boyiche eng yuquri iken.

Shinjiang Gezitining 2007-yili 1 – ayning 19 – künidiki xewirige
asaslanghanda, 2006-yili 9-ayning 30-kunigiche putun Uyghur ilida
resmiy enge ilinghan Eydiz wirusi bilen yuqumlanghanlarning sani 17
ming 209 ge yetken. Peqet Ürümchi shehride ötken bir yil ichide
Eydiz wirusi bilen yingidin yüqumlanghuchilarning sani 2051 yetken
bolup, hazir Ürümchi shehri boyiche Eydiz wirusi bilen
yuqturuwalghanlarning omomiy sani 6936 ge yetken. Ghulja obalstidiki
Eydiz wirusi bilen yuqturuwalghanlarning omomiy sani 6991 ge, Ghulja
sheheridiki Eydiz wirusi bilen yuqturuwalghanlarning omomiy sani
5359 qa yetken. Junggo dowletlik sehiye organlirining perez
qilishiche putun Uyghur ilidiki Eydiz kisili wirusi bilen
yuqumlanghanlarni omumi sani texminen 60 ming kishige yetken iken.

Hazir Uyghur ilidiki eydiz virusi bilen yuqumlanghanlarning omumi
sanining kopligi jehette gerche Jungguoda 4-orunda tursimu, biraq
Uyghur ilining nopusi bilen nisbetleshturgende, Uyghur ili Jungoda
eydiz kisilining tarqilishi eng ighir bolghan rayon hisaplansa kirek.

(Dawami bar)

<<am New York>> gizitining 2007-yili 7-ayning 11-kunidiki sanida xewer
qilishiche, Junggoning Dowletlik Yimek Ichmek we Dorilarni Konturul
Qilish Idarisining burunqi bashliqi Jing Shiyaw Yu (Zheng Xiao Yu)
hoquq tutqan 1997-yilidin 2006-yilighiche bolghan 9 yil ichide
hichqandaq sinaqtin otmigen yalghan doridin 6 xil dorini testiqlap, bu
yalghan dorilarning bazargha silinishigha yol ichip bergen. Shu
munasiwet bilen Beyjing hokumiti Jing Shiyaw Yuge olum jazasi bergen.

Jing Shiyaw Yu gerche tigishlik jazagha tartilghan bolsimu, biraq u 9
yildin kiyin andin jazagha tartilghan. Jing Shiyaw Yuning u 9 yil
jeryanida oz hoquqini qalaymiqan ishlitip, oz menpeti uchun xelqning
hayati bilen hisaplashmay, testiqlighan yalghan doriliri qanchilik
kishining jinigha zamin bolghanlighi nemelum.

Yiqindin biri bek aldirash bolup kitip, sorighan soalingizgha waxtida
jawap birelmidim. Aq kisel bir xil tirek kisel bolup, mining kesip
dahiremdin sel yiraq bolghachqa, men bu jehette bek kop nersilerni
bilmeymen.

Aq kisel (白癫风, vitiligo) tirini reng bilen teminleydighan
bir xil
pigmentning kem bolushi tupeylidin bolghan tire kiselliki bolup,
mining bilishimche gerche bu kiselni dawalashning nurghun usulliri
bolsimu, biraq hemme bimargha shipa biridighan unumuluk dawalash
usuli kop emes.

Towendiki tor betlerge kirsingiz, bu toghursidiki ucurlargha
irisheleysiz.

http://www.vitiligotreatments.net/

vitiligo treatments and cures
The treatment options for Vitiligo have some similarities with
psoriasis. Steroids can be used to stimulate the skin to produce the
missing or deficient melanocytes and thus darkening the white skin
patches. Steroids have many dangerous side effects and are typically
only a temporary treatment. Stop using the steroids and the Vitiligo
usually returns soon after. There is a process known
as "depigmentation" that is really a backwards treatment. It involves
using steroids or other agents to lighten your normal skin to match
the colour of your Vitiligo affected skin. Obviously this could be
more embarrassing than the Vitiligo by its self. There are a range of
cosmetic options to hide or mask the white patches but this only
offers a psychological solution and is only very temporary. In
extreme cases surgery can be used to graft skin from a patients back-
side or back to cover the white Vitiligo patches.

UV phototherapy is widely recognised as a treatment of Vitiligo. UV
is responsible for stimulating your skin to produce pigmentation, or
a sun tan with minimal side effects The effectiveness of UV treatment
varies for each Vitiligo sufferer. Caution should be taken when using
UV phototherapy to treat Vitiligo. As Vitiligo is an absence of skin
pigmentation the white skin affected by Vitiligo is very susceptible
to sun burn, but by the same nature generally responds well to UV
phototherapy treatment.

http://www.cn-vitiligo.com/HuaHai/bdfcs/index.htm

治疗白癜风的方法有哪\
些 ?

（ 1 ）中医治疗：
        a. 辨证治疗；
        b. 中成药；
        c. 针灸；
        d. 刺络拔罐疗法；
        e. 医院制剂。
（ 2 ）西医治疗：
        a.
补骨脂及其衍生物；
        b. 皮质类固醇；
        c. 免疫制剂；
        d 移植疗法。
目前，临床上多采用中\
西医结合及局部与整体\
相结合的方法。


--- In SaghlamBolung@yahoogroups.com, ͶûÑ· ÎÚ˹Âú <kiqikbala@...>
wrote:
>
> assalamu alaykum ,mamatimin aka
>   kandak ahwalliri
>   silidin bir ixta maslihat alay digan .
>   yekinda mening keynatam badinda ak daghning barlikini
baykap ,takxurtuptikan ak kesal dap enikliniptu ,bu ak kesalga karita
hazir unumluk dawalax usuli barmu ,bar bolsa kandak dawalydu ?bu
kesalni sallimaza sakaytkili bulamdu ? muxu taraplarda bir malihat
bargan bolsiliri

Sel aldirash bolup qilip, sorighan sualingizgha jawap birishke waqit
chiqiralmidim. Burun kisellikliri gerche mining kessipim dahirsige
kirmisimu, biraq bu adette kop uchuraydighan kisel bolghachqa, men
qisqa waqit ichide waqit chirip, sorighan sualingizgha jawap
birishke tirishay. Hazirche towendiki matiryaldin paydilanghach
turung.

http://disease.39.net/coryza/jbzs/14884.html

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   Eger kolaylik bolsa burun yallugi togrilik sawat bergen bosingiz. mining burun yallugum sel  igir, her yili hawa issigandin kiyinla  kozgilip, mini nahayiti eware kiliwatidu, ( men Urumqide , yixim 37 yax, men burun yallugi  bolgini birneqqe yil boldi.aldinki yilliri her hil dorilarni yeni purkiydigan we yeydigan dorilarni ixletken idim hazir dora ixletmeywatimen,qunki dorilarning eks tesirydin ensiridim,  ) Urumqide burun yallugi hili omomlixip kaldi, belkim nurgun tordaxlarmu bu togrilik sawatka muhtaj bolixi mumkin, turmuxta yaki adette nimilerge dikket kilix togrilikmu yizip koyarsiz,  mining burun yallugim  sezgurliki ixip ketken burun yallugi,  azrak purak  bolsila  baxkilar peket purimisimu men puriyalaymen, we xundakla  geyri purak bar muhitta azrak tursam bixim agridu, men burnumning bundak sezgurlikini dawaliyalaymenmu kandak? 

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Panamada Jungguodin import qilghan chish pastisida zeher bayqighan.
Amirkida hazirgha qeder bundaq zeher terkiwi bar chish pastisi tixi
bayqalmighan bolsimu, biraq Amirka Jungguodin import qilghan chish
pastisigha bolghan tekshurushini kucheyitken. Bu bu yilning
bashlirida Jungguodin kirguzulgen oy haywanliri yimeklikliride zeher
bayqighandin kiyinki Jungguo mesulatliridin yene bir qitim zeher
bayqash weqesi hisaplinidiken.

US testing Chinese toothpaste for possible toxin

AFP - Thursday, May 24 07:04 pm

WASHINGTON (AFP) - US health inspectors are testing imports of
toothpaste from China following reports that batches tainted with a
toxin have been found in Panama, a US official said Thursday.
Doug Arbesfeld, a spokesman for the US Food and Drug Administration,
said health inspectors had started checking Chinese toothpaste
imports on Wednesday.

"This is a prudent and precautionary measure as part of our role to
protect the health of the American people," Arbesfeld said.

Media reports say officials in Panama have discovered traces of
diethylene glycol in Chinese-produced toothpaste exported to the
Central American state.

The affected toothpaste was reportedly sold under the Mr. Cool and
Excel brand names.

Some of the shipments received in Panama were apparently re-exported
to the Dominican Republic, according to The New York Times.

Diethylene glycol, a toxin, is an industrial chemical that could
cause potential organ failure of even death if ingested by humans,
according to health officials.

No deaths appear to have been reported amid the varying
investigations so far.

The US inspections also come after an Australian newspaper reported
on May 18 that Excel-branded toothpaste had been recalled from some
stores in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales.

The move by US health inspectors came a day after Chinese officials
said they had opened a probe into the matter. Officials said the
investigation was focused on Beijing and the eastern Chinese
province of Jiangsu where several toothpaste manufacturers are based.
Goldcredit International Enterprises, a firm that makes toothpaste
in Jiangsu, issued a statement Wednesday saying it was "not in any
way associated with the issue discovered in Panama."

The FDA's Arbesfeld said US inspectors had not found any tainted
toothpaste, but would be carrying out detailed checks for at least
the next 90 days.

He said samples of Chinese toothpaste would be sent to special
laboratories for testing.

The United States imported some 3.3 million dollars' worth of
toothpaste from China in 2006, according to government figures.
The latest US product scare comes amid a government probe into the
deaths of thousands of dogs and cats which are suspected to have
died due to contaminated pet food imported from China.

Officials found the pet food had been tainted with the chemical
melamine, a substance used to make fertilizers and plastics.

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2007Äê4ÔÂ27ÈÕ

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糖尿病干细胞疗法获突\
破 或告别胰岛素治疗

2007年04月13日 08:05:08

 
新华网北京４月１２日\
专电 
据《美国医学会杂志》\
１１日公布的临床试验\
结果，经过干
细胞治疗的糖尿病患者\
在自身体内开始再度自\
然分泌胰岛素之后，已\
经能够停止胰岛素注
射。这种治疗方法堪称\
糖尿病治疗领域的一场\
革命，为证明干细胞对\
Ｉ型糖尿病的疗效提供
了第一个临床证据。

在一次突破性的临床试\
验中，１５名新近诊断\
为Ｉ型糖尿病的年轻患\
者首先服用了一些有遏
制免疫作用的药物，然\
后再在体内移植从自身\
血液中提取的干细胞。

Ｉ型糖尿病患者为控制\
血糖不得不每天注射胰\
岛素，有的甚至一天要\
注射４次，因为其自身
免疫系统紊乱导致体内\
不能自然分泌胰岛素。\
试验结果显示，通过植\
入自身干细胞，这些有
胰岛素依赖的糖尿病患\
者能够摆脱对胰岛素注\
射的依赖。

这次临床试验的结果表\
明，除两名患者外，其\
他所有自愿参加试验的\
患者在停止其他治疗之
后可以在最长达３年期\
间不必注射胰岛素。

由巴西和美国科学家联\
合进行的这项新研究发\
现，首批接受这种治疗\
的患者之一已经在３年
内不再接受其他任何辅\
助性的胰岛素治疗了。\
他们在报告中说："在&#20026\
;数不多的早期得病的
患者中已取得了十分令\
人鼓舞的结果。９３％\
的病人在不同阶段摆脱\
了对胰岛素的依赖，治
疗的毒副作用很少见，\
没有一人死亡。"

这个研究小组希望利用\
干细胞对病人进行早期\
干预，从而能彻底治愈\
糖尿病并恢复患者正常
的免疫系统。

参加最新试验的英国糖\
尿病患者的年龄在１４\
岁至３１岁之间，而且\
都是在试验前６周内被
诊断为糖尿病患者。在\
自身体内抽取干细胞之\
后，他们需要进行温和\
的化疗，以杀灭给胰腺
造成破坏的白血球。随\
后他们再接受自身干细\
胞的移植，以帮助恢复\
自身免疫系统功能。

    
这份研究报告的作者之\
一、来自美国西北大学\
范伯格医学院的理查德\
•伯特说，接受试
验的１５名患者中有１\
４人在接受治疗后的一\
段时间内停用了胰岛素\
，其中１１人移植干细
胞后立即就能分泌起补\
充作用的胰岛素，而且\
自此就不再求助于合成\
胰岛素了。

Stem Cell Therapy May Combat Type 1 Diabetes

Small trial offers hope, but much more research is needed, experts
say

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_47733.html

Tuesday, April 10, 2007

TUESDAY, April 10 (HealthDay News) -- A pilot study of people newly
diagnosed with type 1 diabetes found that stem cell therapy
eliminated the need for insulin therapy for varying periods of time.
This is the first trial to look at stem cell therapy in humans with
this form of the disease. But experts stressed that the research is
preliminary and urged caution when interpreting the results, which
are published in the April 11 issue of the Journal of the American
Medical Association.

"This may be the first step in something that could be promising, but
I need to see a control group and longer follow-up before I'd go out
on a limb," said Dr. Jay S. Skyler, author of an accompanying
editorial in the journal and associate director of the Diabetes
Research Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of
Medicine. "But this is worthy of further experimentation."

Type 1 diabetes develops when the body's immune system attacks the
pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin -- the hormone that
transports sugar from the blood to cells for energy.

"In type 1 diabetes, the immune system is out of balance," Skyler
explained. "Ordinarily, all of us have some cells with the potential
to destroy the pancreas, but the regulatory immune system prevents
those cells from becoming sufficiently active. In type 1 (diabetes),
there's a greater proportion of activity of the destroying cells and
lesser activity of the regulatory cells. The goal is to try to bring
that back into balance."

By the time a person is diagnosed with the disease, some 60 percent
to 80 percent of the beta cells have already been destroyed. And
people who have more functioning beta cells tend to have fewer
complications down the line, research has shown.

Immunosuppression therapy, designed to dampen the immune system, can
help, but these patients still need to take insulin to regulate their
blood sugar. Meanwhile, stem cell therapy has had some success with
other autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, but not with type 1
diabetes.

"There has been use of this specific procedure in other autoimmune
disease in human beings with some suggestion of promise of effect,
and it's been advocated for a number of years that this kind of
approach might be useful in type 1 diabetes," Skyler said.

The new study, conducted by scientists in Sao Paolo, Brazil, and in
Chicago, involved 15 patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
All participants underwent high-dose immunosuppression therapy
followed by a procedure called autologous nonmyeloablative
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHST) to preserve beta-cell
function.

AHST involves removing a patient's own blood stem cells, treating
them, and then returning them to the patient.

"Using bone marrow precursor cells, which are precursors of immune T-
cells, is designed to reset the immune system," Skyler said. "The
reason for choosing a point early in time is that you want to have
enough beta cells that are still left."

During follow-up that lasted up to 36 months, 93 percent of the
patients achieved some length of insulin independence. Fourteen
patients became insulin free -- one for 35 months, four for at least
21 months, seven for at least six months. Two more participants who
had late responses to the stem cell therapy became insulin free for
one and five months, respectively.

One person developed pneumonia, and two others developed problems
with their endocrine system, which governs hormones in the body.
It's unclear exactly how the stem cell transplants worked their
magic. And there are still numerous questions.

"The obvious question is how long does it work and what is the risk
of treatment," said Dr. Larry Deeb, president of medicine and science
at the American Diabetes Association. "But the excitement is where we
are in diabetes research and treatment, and the excitement some of
these questions generate for people who have diabetes and for the
diabetes community and for the profound argument that this is not a
time to be proposing less money for research in diabetes."

Yiqindin biri weten ichidin bezi dostlar manga xet yizip diyabit
kisilini dawalashta heqiqeten chong ilgirlesh bolghan
bolmighanlighini sorighan idi.

Mining buningha jawabim towendikiche: NIH (Amirka dowletlik tibbi
penler akidimiyesi) ning 2007-yili 4-ayning 10-kunidiki xewerde bayan
qilishiche, 1-tiptiki diyabit kisilini ghol hujeyrisi bilen dawalash
arqiliq deslepki qedemde bezi unumge irishken bolup, bu xil
dawalashning unimi yenimu ilgirligen halda sinaq qilishqa muxtaj
iken. Yeni dimekchi bolghunum bu xil dawalash usulining diyabit
kisilige giriptar bolghan bimarlar arisida keng kolemde ishlitilishke
yene bir mezgil waqit kirek.

Ghol hujeyrisi bilen diyabit kisilini dawalap deslepki qedemde
muhapiqiyet qazinishning ozi diyabit kisilini dawalash tarixida
insulindin kiyinki yene bir zor inqilap hisaplinidu.

Esli igilizche xewerde, ¡°Stem Cell Therapy May Combat Type 1
Diabetes. Small trial offers hope, but much more research is needed¡±
yeni ¡°ghol hujeyrisi 1-turdiki diyabit kisilige jeng ilan qilishi
mumkin. Kichikine sinaq umut chirighini yaqti, biraq yenimu
ilgirligen halda tetqiq qilishqa muxtaj¡± diyilgen bolup, Junguoda
birilgen xewerde, ¡°ÌÇÄò²¡¸Éϸ°ûÁÆ·¨»ñÍ»ÆÆ »ò¸æ±ðÒȵºËØÖÎÁÆ¡±, yeni ¡°Ghol
hujeyre bilen diyabit kisilini dawalash muhapiqiyetke irishti,
insulin bilen hoshlishishi mumkin¡± diyilgen.

Towende men dostlarning paydilinishi uchun bu xewerning ikkisini
herqaysinglargha sundum.

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New York Times gizitige bisilghan towendiki bu xewerde Jungguoda
ishlengen bezi zeher terkiwi bar layaqetsiz dorilar sewibidin
kishilerning olup kitishini kelturup chiqarghanliqqa ahit mesililer
bayan qilinghan bolup, oqup qoyushqa erzidiken.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/world/americas/06poison.html?
_r=1&th&emc=th&oref=slogin

May 6, 2007

From China to Panama, a Trail of Poisoned Medicine

By WALT BOGDANICH and JAKE HOOKER

The kidneys fail first. Then the central nervous system begins to
misfire. Paralysis spreads, making breathing difficult, then often
impossible without assistance. In the end, most victims die.
Many of them are children, poisoned at the hands of their
unsuspecting parents.

The syrupy poison, diethylene glycol, is an indispensable part of
the modern world, an industrial solvent and prime ingredient in some
antifreeze.

It is also a killer. And the deaths, if not intentional, are often
no accident.

Over the years, the poison has been loaded into all varieties of
medicine — cough syrup, fever medication, injectable drugs — a
result of counterfeiters who profit by substituting the sweet-
tasting solvent for a safe, more expensive syrup, usually glycerin,
commonly used in drugs, food, toothpaste and other products.
Toxic syrup has figured in at least eight mass poisonings around the
world in the past two decades. Researchers estimate that thousands
have died. In many cases, the precise origin of the poison has never
been determined. But records and interviews show that in three of
the last four cases it was made in China, a major source of
counterfeit drugs.

Panama is the most recent victim. Last year, government officials
there unwittingly mixed diethylene glycol into 260,000 bottles of
cold medicine — with devastating results. Families have reported 365
deaths from the poison, 100 of which have been confirmed so far.
With the onset of the rainy season, investigators are racing to
exhume as many potential victims as possible before bodies decompose
even more.

Panama's death toll leads directly to Chinese companies that made
and exported the poison as 99.5 percent pure glycerin.

Forty-six barrels of the toxic syrup arrived via a poison pipeline
stretching halfway around the world. Through shipping records and
interviews with government officials, The New York Times traced this
pipeline from the Panamanian port of Colón, back through trading
companies in Barcelona, Spain, and Beijing, to its beginning near
the Yangtze Delta in a place local people call "chemical country."
The counterfeit glycerin passed through three trading companies on
three continents, yet not one of them tested the syrup to confirm
what was on the label. Along the way, a certificate falsely
attesting to the purity of the shipment was repeatedly altered,
eliminating the name of the manufacturer and previous owner. As a
result, traders bought the syrup without knowing where it came from,
or who made it. With this information, the traders might have
discovered — as The Times did — that the manufacturer was not
certified to make pharmaceutical ingredients.

An examination of the two poisoning cases last year — in Panama and
earlier in China — shows how China's safety regulations have lagged
behind its growing role as low-cost supplier to the world. It also
demonstrates how a poorly policed chain of traders in country after
country allows counterfeit medicine to contaminate the global market.
Last week, the United States Food and Drug Administration warned
drug makers and suppliers in the United States "to be especially
vigilant" in watching for diethylene glycol. The warning did not
specifically mention China, and it said there was "no reason to
believe" that glycerin in this country was tainted. Even so, the
agency asked that all glycerin shipments be tested for diethylene
glycol, and said it was "exploring how supplies of glycerin become
contaminated."

China is already being accused by United States authorities of
exporting wheat gluten containing an industrial chemical, melamine,
that ended up in pet food and livestock feed. The F.D.A. recently
banned imports of Chinese-made wheat gluten after it was linked to
pet deaths in the United States.

Beyond Panama and China, toxic syrup has caused mass poisonings in
Haiti, Bangladesh, Argentina, Nigeria and twice in India.
In Bangladesh, investigators found poison in seven brands of fever
medication in 1992, but only after countless children died. A
Massachusetts laboratory detected the contamination after Dr.
Michael L. Bennish, a pediatrician who works in developing
countries, smuggled samples of the tainted syrup out of the country
in a suitcase. Dr. Bennish, who investigated the Bangladesh epidemic
and helped write a 1995 article about it for BMJ, formerly known as
the British Medical Journal, said that given the amount of
medication distributed, deaths "must be in the thousands or tens of
thousands."

"It's vastly underreported," Dr. Bennish said of diethylene glycol
poisoning. Doctors might not suspect toxic medicine, particularly in
poor countries with limited resources and a generally unhealthy
population, he said, adding, "Most people who die don't come to a
medical facility."

The makers of counterfeit glycerin, which superficially looks and
acts like the real thing but generally costs considerably less, are
rarely identified, much less prosecuted, given the difficulty of
tracing shipments across borders. "This is really a global problem,
and it needs to be handled in a global way," said Dr. Henk Bekedam,
the World Health Organization's top representative in Beijing.
Seventy years ago, medicine laced with diethylene glycol killed more
than 100 people in the United States, leading to the passage of the
toughest drug regulations of that era and the creation of the modern
Food and Drug Administration.

The F.D.A. has tried to help in poisoning cases around the world,
but there is only so much it can do.

When at least 88 children died in Haiti a decade ago, F.D.A.
investigators traced the poison to the Manchurian city of Dalian,
but their attempts to visit the suspected manufacturer were
repeatedly blocked by Chinese officials, according to internal State
Department records. Permission was granted more than a year later,
but by then the plant had moved and its records had been destroyed.
"Chinese officials we contacted on this matter were all reluctant to
become involved," the American Embassy in Beijing wrote in a
confidential cable. "We cannot be optimistic about our chances for
success in tracking down the other possible glycerine shipments."
In fact, The Times found records showing that the same Chinese
company implicated in the Haiti poisoning also shipped about 50 tons
of counterfeit glycerin to the United States in 1995. Some of it was
later resold to another American customer, Avatar Corporation,
before the deception was discovered.

"Thank God we caught it when we did," said Phil Ternes, chief
operating officer of Avatar, a Chicago-area supplier of bulk
pharmaceuticals and nonmedicinal products. The F.D.A. said it was
unaware of the shipment.

In China, the government is vowing to clean up its pharmaceutical
industry, in part because of criticism over counterfeit drugs
flooding the world markets. In December, two top drug regulators
were arrested on charges of taking bribes to approve drugs. In
addition, 440 counterfeiting operations were closed down last year,
the World Health Organization said.

But when Chinese officials investigated the role of Chinese
companies in the Panama deaths, they found that no laws had been
broken, according to an official of the nation's drug enforcement
agency. China's drug regulation is "a black hole," said one trader
who has done business through CNSC Fortune Way, the Beijing-based
broker that investigators say was a crucial conduit for the Panama
poison.

In this environment, Wang Guiping, a tailor with a ninth-grade
education and access to a chemistry book, found it easy to enter the
pharmaceutical supply business as a middleman. He quickly discovered
what others had before him: that counterfeiting was a simple way to
increase profits.

And then people in China began to die.

Cheating the System
Mr. Wang spent years as a tailor in the manufacturing towns of the
Yangtze Delta, in eastern China. But he did not want to remain a
common craftsman, villagers say. He set his sights on trading
chemicals, a business rooted in the many small chemical plants that
have sprouted in the region.
"He didn't know what he was doing," Mr. Wang's older brother, Wang
Guoping, said in an interview. "He didn't understand chemicals."
But he did understand how to cheat the system.
Wang Guiping, 41, realized he could earn extra money by substituting
cheaper, industrial-grade syrup — not approved for human
consumption — for pharmaceutical grade syrup. To trick
pharmaceutical buyers, he forged his licenses and laboratory
analysis reports, records show.
Mr. Wang later told investigators that he figured no harm would come
from the substitution, because he initially tested a small quantity.
He did it with the expertise of a former tailor.
He swallowed some of it. When nothing happened, he shipped it.
One company that used the syrup beginning in early 2005 was Qiqihar
No. 2 Pharmaceutical, about 1,000 miles away in Heilongjiang
Province in the northeast. A buyer for the factory had seen a
posting for Mr. Wang's syrup on an industry Web site.
After a while, Mr. Wang set out to find an even cheaper substitute
syrup so he could increase his profit even more, according to a
Chinese investigator. In a chemical book he found what he was
looking for: another odorless syrup — diethylene glycol. At the
time, it sold for 6,000 to 7,000 yuan a ton, or about $725 to $845,
while pharmaceutical-grade syrup cost 15,000 yuan, or about $1,815,
according to the investigator.
Mr. Wang did not taste-test this second batch of syrup before
shipping it to Qiqihar Pharmaceutical, the government investigator
said, adding, "He knew it was dangerous, but he didn't know that it
could kill."
The manufacturer used the toxic syrup in five drug products: ampules
of Amillarisin A for gall bladder problems; a special enema fluid
for children; an injection for blood vessel diseases; an intravenous
pain reliever; and an arthritis treatment.
In April 2006, one of southern China's finest hospitals, in
Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, began administering Amillarisin A.
Within a month or so, at least 18 people had died after taking the
medicine, though some had already been quite sick.
Zhou Jianhong, 33, said his father took his first dose of
Amillarisin A on April 19. A week later he was in critical
condition. "If you are going to die, you want to die at home," Mr.
Zhou said. "So we checked him out of the hospital." He died the next
day.
"Everybody wants to invest in the pharmaceutical industry and it is
growing, but the regulators can't keep up," Mr. Zhou said. "We need
a system to assure our safety."
The final death count is unclear, since some people who took the
medicine may have died in less populated areas.
In a small town in Sichuan Province, a man named Zhou Lianghui said
the authorities would not acknowledge that his wife had died from
taking tainted Amillarisin A. But Mr. Zhou, 38, said he matched the
identification number on the batch of medicine his wife received
with a warning circular distributed by drug officials.
"You probably cannot understand a small town if you are in Beijing,"
Zhou Lianghui said in a telephone interview. "The sky is high, and
the emperor is far away. There are a lot of problems here that the
law cannot speak to."
The failure of the government to stop poison from contaminating the
drug supply caused one of the bigger domestic scandals of the year.
Last May, China's premier, Wen Jiabao, ordered an investigation of
the deaths, declaring, "The pharmaceutical market is in disorder."
At about the same time, 9,000 miles away in Panama, the long rainy
season had begun. Anticipating colds and coughs, the government
health program began manufacturing cough and antihistamine syrup.
The cough medicine was sugarless so that even diabetics could use it.
The medicine was mixed with a pale yellow, almost translucent syrup
that had arrived in 46 barrels from Barcelona on the container ship
Tobias Maersk. Shipping records showed the contents to be 99.5
percent pure glycerin.
It would be months and many deaths later before that certification
was discovered to be pure fiction.
A Mysterious Illness
Early last September, doctors at Panama City's big public hospital
began to notice patients exhibiting unusual symptoms.
They initially appeared to have Guillain-Barré syndrome, a
relatively rare neurological disorder that first shows up as a
weakness or tingling sensation in the legs. That weakness often
intensifies, spreading upward to the arms and chest, sometimes
causing total paralysis and an inability to breathe.
The new patients had paralysis, but it did not spread upward. They
also quickly lost their ability to urinate, a condition not
associated with Guillain-Barré. Even more unusual was the number of
cases. In a full year, doctors might see eight cases of Guillain-
Barré, yet they saw that many in just two weeks.
Doctors sought help from an infectious disease specialist, Néstor
Sosa, an intense, driven doctor who competes in triathlons and high-
level chess.
Dr. Sosa's medical specialty had a long, rich history in Panama,
once known as one of the world's unhealthiest places. In one year in
the late 1800s, a lethal mix of yellow fever and malaria killed
nearly 1 in every 10 residents of Panama City. Only after the United
States managed to overcome those mosquito-borne diseases was it able
to build the Panama Canal without the devastation that undermined an
earlier attempt by the French.
The suspected Guillain-Barré cases worried Dr. Sosa. "It was
something really extraordinary, something that was obviously
reaching epidemic dimensions in our hospital," he said.
With the death rate from the mystery illness near 50 percent, Dr.
Sosa alerted the hospital management, which asked him to set up and
run a task force to handle the situation. The assignment, a daunting
around-the-clock dash to catch a killer, was one he eagerly
embraced.
Several years earlier, Dr. Sosa had watched as other doctors
identified the cause of another epidemic, later identified as
hantavirus, a pathogen spread by infected rodents.
"I took care of patients but I somehow felt I did not do enough," he
said. The next time, he vowed, would be different.
Dr. Sosa set up a 24-hour "war room" in the hospital, where doctors
could compare notes and theories as they scoured medical records for
clues.
As a precaution, the patients with the mystery illness were
segregated and placed in a large empty room awaiting renovation.
Health care workers wore masks, heightening fears in the hospital
and the community.
"That spread a lot of panic," said Dr. Jorge Motta, a cardiologist
who runs the Gorgas Memorial Institute, a widely respected medical
research center in Panama. "That is always a terrifying thought,
that you will be the epicenter of a new infectious disease, and
especially a new infectious disease that kills with a high rate of
death, like this."
Meanwhile, patients kept coming, and hospital personnel could barely
keep up.
"I ended up giving C.P.R.," Dr. Sosa said. "I haven't given C.P.R.
since I was a resident, but there were so many crises going on."
Frightened hospital patients had to watch others around them die for
reasons no one understood, fearing that they might be next.
As reports of strange Guillain-Barré symptoms started coming in from
other parts of the country, doctors realized they were not just
dealing with a localized outbreak.
Pascuala Pérez de González, 67, sought treatment for a cold at a
clinic in Coclé Province, about a three-hour drive from Panama City.
In late September she was treated and sent home. Within days, she
could no longer eat; she stopped urinating and went into
convulsions.
A decision was made to take her to the public hospital in Panama
City, but on the way she stopped breathing and had to be
resuscitated. She arrived at the hospital in a deep coma and later
died.
Medical records contained clues but also plenty of false leads.
Early victims tended to be males older than 60 and diabetic with
high blood pressure. About half had been given Lisinopril, a blood
pressure medicine distributed by the public health system.
But many who did not receive Lisinopril still got sick. On the
chance that those patients might have forgotten that they had taken
the drug, doctors pulled Lisinopril from pharmacy shelves — only to
return it after tests found nothing wrong.
Investigators would later discover that Lisinopril did play an
important, if indirect role in the epidemic, but not in the way they
had imagined.
A Major Clue
One patient of particular interest to Dr. Sosa came into the
hospital with a heart attack, but no Guillain-Barré-type symptoms.
While undergoing treatment, the patient received several drugs,
including Lisinopril. After a while, he began to exhibit the same
neurological distress that was the hallmark of the mystery illness.
"This patient is a major clue," Dr. Sosa recalled saying. "This is
not something environmental, this is not a folk medicine that's been
taken by the patients at home. This patient developed the disease in
the hospital, in front of us."
Soon after, another patient told Dr. Sosa that he, too, developed
symptoms after taking Lisinopril, but because the medicine made him
cough, he also took cough syrup — the same syrup, it turned out,
that had been given to the heart patient.
"I said this has got to be it," Dr. Sosa recalled. "We need to
investigate this cough syrup."
The cough medicine had not initially aroused much suspicion because
many victims did not remember taking it. "Twenty-five percent of
those people affected denied that they had taken cough syrup,
because it's a nonevent in their lives," Dr. Motta said.
Investigators from the United States Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, who were in Panama helping out, quickly put the bottles
on a government jet and flew them to the United States for testing.
The next day, Oct. 11, as Panamanian health officials were attending
a news conference, a Blackberry in the room went off.
The tests, the C.D.C. was reporting, had turned up diethylene glycol
in the cough syrup.
The mystery had been solved. The barrels labeled glycerin turned out
to contain poison.
Dr. Sosa's exhilaration at learning the cause did not last
long. "It's our medication that is killing these people," he said he
thought. "It's not a virus, it's not something that they got
outside, but it was something we actually manufactured."
A nationwide campaign was quickly begun to stop people from using
the cough syrup. Neighborhoods were searched, but thousands of
bottles either had been discarded or could not be found.
As the search wound down, two major tasks remained: count the dead
and assign blame. Neither has been easy.
A precise accounting is all but impossible because, medical
authorities say, victims were buried before the cause was known, and
poor patients might not have seen doctors.
Another problem is that finding traces of diethylene glycol in
decomposing bodies is difficult at best, medical experts say.
Nonetheless, an Argentine pathologist who has studied diethylene
glycol poisonings helped develop a test for the poison in exhumed
bodies. Seven of the first nine bodies tested showed traces of the
poison, Panamanian authorities said.
With the rainy season returning, though, the exhumations are about
to end. Dr. José Vicente Pachar, director of Panama's Institute of
Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, said that as a scientist he
would like a final count of the dead. But he added, "I should accept
the reality that in the case of Panama we are not going to know the
exact number."
Local prosecutors have made some arrests and are investigating
others connected to the case, including officials of the import
company and the government agency that mixed and distributed the
cold medicine. "Our responsibilities are to establish or discover
the truth," said Dimas Guevara, the homicide investigator guiding
the inquiry.
But prosecutors have yet to charge anyone with actually making the
counterfeit glycerin. And if the Panama investigation unfolds as
other inquiries have, it is highly unlikely that they ever will.
A Suspect Factory
Panamanians wanting to see where their toxic nightmare began could
look up the Web site of the company in Hengxiang, China, that
investigators in four countries have identified as having made the
syrup — the Taixing Glycerine Factory. There, under the words "About
Us," they would see a picture of a modern white building nearly a
dozen stories tall, adorned by three arches at the entrance. The
factory, the Web site boasts, "can strictly obey the contract and
keep its word."
But like the factory's syrup, all is not as it seems.
There are no tall buildings in Hengxiang, a country town with one
main road. The factory is not certified to sell any medical
ingredients, Chinese officials say. And it looks nothing like the
picture on the Internet. In reality, its chemicals are mixed in a
plain, one-story brick building.
The factory is in a walled compound, surrounded by small shops and
farms. In the spring, nearby fields of rape paint the countryside
yellow. Near the front gate, a sign over the road warns, "Beware of
counterfeits." But it was posted by a nearby noodle machine factory
that appears to be worried about competition.
The Taixing Glycerine Factory bought its diethylene glycol from the
same manufacturer as Mr. Wang, the former tailor, the government
investigator said. From this spot in China's chemical country, the
46 barrels of toxic syrup began their journey, passing from company
to company, port to port and country to country, apparently without
anyone testing their contents.
Traders should be thoroughly familiar with their suppliers, United
States health officials say. "One simply does not assume that what
is labeled is indeed what it is," said Dr. Murray Lumpkin, deputy
commissioner for international and special programs for the Food and
Drug Administration.
In the Panama case, names of suppliers were removed from shipping
documents as they passed from one entity to the next, according to
records and investigators. That is a practice some traders use to
prevent customers from bypassing them on future purchases, but it
also hides the provenance of the product.
The first distributor was the Beijing trading company, CNSC Fortune
Way, a unit of a state-owned business that began by supplying goods
and services to Chinese personnel and business officials overseas.
As China's market reach expanded, Fortune Way focused its business
on pharmaceutical ingredients, and in 2003, it brokered the sale of
the suspect syrup made by the Taixing Glycerine Factory. The
manufacturer's certificate of analysis showed the batch to be 99.5
percent pure.
Whether the Taixing Glycerine Factory actually performed the test
has not been publicly disclosed.
Original certificates of analysis should be passed on to each new
buyer, said Kevin J. McGlue, a board member of the International
Pharmaceutical Excipients Council. In this case, that was not done.
Fortune Way translated the certificate into English, putting its
name — not the Taixing Glycerine Factory's — at the top of the
document, before shipping the barrels to a second trading company,
this one in Barcelona.
Li Can, managing director at Fortune Way, said he did not remember
the transaction and could not comment, adding, "There is a high
volume of trade."
Upon receiving the barrels in September 2003, the Spanish company,
Rasfer International, did not test the contents, either. It copied
the chemical analysis provided by Fortune Way, then put its logo on
it. Ascensión Criado, Rasfer's manager, said in an e-mail response
to written questions that when Fortune Way shipped the syrup, it did
not say who made it.
Several weeks later, Rasfer shipped the drums to a Panamanian
broker, the Medicom Business Group. "Medicom never asked us for the
name of the manufacturer," Ms. Criado said.
A lawyer for Medicom, Valentín Jaén, said his client was a victim,
too. "They were tricked by somebody," Mr. Jaén said. "They operated
in good faith."
In Panama, the barrels sat unused for more than two years, and
officials said Medicom improperly changed the expiration date on the
syrup.
During that time, the company never tested the product. And the
Panamanian government, which bought the 46 barrels and used them to
make cold medicine, also failed to detect the poison, officials
said.
The toxic pipeline ultimately emptied into the bloodstream of people
like Ernesto Osorio, a former high school teacher in Panama City. He
spent two months in the hospital after ingesting poison cough syrup
last September.
Just before Christmas, after a kidney dialysis treatment, Mr. Osorio
stood outside the city's big public hospital in a tear-splattered
shirt, describing what his life had become.
"I'm not an eighth of what I used to be," Mr. Osorio said, his
partly paralyzed face hanging like a slab of meat. "I have trouble
walking. Look at my face, look at my tears." The tears, he said
apologetically, were not from emotion, but from nerve damage.
And yet, Mr. Osorio knows he is one of the lucky victims.
"They didn't know how to keep the killer out of the medicine," he
said simply.
While the suffering in Panama was great, the potential profit — at
least for the Spanish trading company, Rasfer — was surprisingly
small. For the 46 barrels of glycerin, Rasfer paid Fortune Way
$9,900, then sold them to Medicom for $11,322, according to records.
Chinese authorities have not disclosed how much Fortune Way and the
Taixing Glycerine Factory made on their end, or how much they knew
about what was in the barrels.
"The fault has to be traced back to areas of production," said Dr.
Motta, the cardiologist in Panama who helped uncover the source of
the epidemic. "This was my plea — please, this thing is happening to
us, make sure whoever did this down the line is not doing it to Peru
or Sierra Leone or some other place."
A Counterfeiter's Confession
The power to prosecute the counterfeiters is now in the hands of the
Chinese.
Last spring, the government moved quickly against Mr. Wang, the
former tailor who poisoned Chinese residents.
The authorities caught up with him at a roadblock in Taizhou, a city
just north of Taixing, in chemical country. He was weak and sick,
and he had not eaten in two days. Inside his white sedan was a
bankbook and cash. He had fled without his wife and teenage son.
Chinese patients were dead, a political scandal was brewing and the
authorities wanted answers. Mr. Wang was taken to a hospital. Then,
in long sessions with investigators, he gave them what they wanted,
explaining his scheme, how he tested industrial syrup by drinking
it, how he decided to use diethylene glycol and how he conned
pharmaceutical companies into buying his syrup, according to a
government official who was present for his interrogation.
"He made a fortune, but none of it went to his family," said Wang
Xiaodong, a former village official who knows Mr. Wang and his
siblings. "He liked to gamble."
Mr. Wang remains in custody as the authorities decide whether he
should be put to death. The Qiqihar drug plant that made the
poisonous medicine has been closed, and five employees are now being
prosecuted for causing "a serious accident."
In contrast to the Wang Guiping investigation, Chinese authorities
have been tentative in acknowledging China's link to the Panama
tragedy, which involved a state-owned trading company. No one in
China has been charged with committing the fraud that ended up
killing so many in Panama.
Sun Jing, the pharmaceutical program officer for the World Health
Organization in Beijing, said the health agency sent a fax "to
remind the Chinese government that China should not be selling
poisonous products overseas." Ms. Sun said the agency did not
receive an official reply.
Last fall, at the request of the United States — Panama has no
diplomatic relations with China — the State Food and Drug
Administration of China investigated the Taixing Glycerine Factory
and Fortune Way.
The agency tested one batch of glycerin from the factory, and found
no glycerin, only diethylene glycol and two other substances, a drug
official said.
Since then, the Chinese drug administration has concluded that it
has no jurisdiction in the case because the factory is not certified
to make medicine.
The agency reached a similar conclusion about Fortune Way, saying
that as an exporter it was not engaged in the pharmaceutical
business.
"We did not find any evidence that either of these companies had
broken the law," said Yan Jiangying, a spokeswoman for the drug
administration. "So a criminal investigation was never opened."
A drug official said the investigation was subsequently handed off
to an agency that tests and certifies commercial products — the
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine.
But the agency acted surprised to learn that it was now in
charge. "What investigation?" asked Wang Jian, director of its
Taixing branch. "I'm not aware of any investigation involving a
glycerin factory."
Besides, Huang Tong, an investigator in that office, said, "We
rarely get involved in products that are sold for export."
Wan Qigang, the legal representative for the Taixing Glycerine
Factory, said in an interview late last year that the authorities
had not questioned him about the Panama poisoning, and that his
company made only industrial-grade glycerin.
"I can tell you for certain that we have no connection with Panama
or Spain," Mr. Wan said.
But in recent months, the Glycerine Factory has advertised 99.5
percent pure glycerin on the Internet.
Mr. Wan recently declined to answer any more questions. "If you come
here as a guest, I will welcome you," Mr. Wan said. "But if you come
again wanting to talk about this matter, I will make a telephone
call."
A local government official said Mr. Wan was told not to grant
interviews.
A five-minute walk away, another manufacturer, the Taixing White Oil
Factory, also advertises medical glycerin on the Internet, yet it,
too, has no authorization to make it. The company's Web site says
its products "have been exported to America, Australia and Italy."
Ding Xiang, who represents the White Oil Factory, denied that his
company made pharmaceutical-grade glycerin, but he said chemical
trading companies in Beijing often called, asking for it.
"They want us to mark the barrels glycerin," Mr. Ding said in late
December. "I tell them we cannot do that."
Mr. Ding said he stopped answering calls from Beijing. "If this
stuff is taken overseas and improperly used. ..." He did not
complete the thought.
In chemical country, product names are not always what they seem.
"The only two factories in Taixing that make glycerin don't even
make glycerin," said Jiang Peng, who oversees inspections and
investigations in the Taixing branch of the State Food and Drug
Administration. "It is a different product."
All in a Name
One lingering mystery involves the name of the product made by the
Taixing Glycerine Factory. The factory had called its syrup "TD"
glycerin. The letters TD were in virtually all the shipping
documents. What did TD mean?
Spanish medical authorities concluded that it stood for a
manufacturing process. Chinese inspectors thought it was the
manufacturer's secret formula.
But Yuan Kailin, a former salesman for the factory , said he knew
what the TD meant because a friend and former manager of the
factory, Ding Yuming, had once told him. TD stood for the Chinese
word "tidai" (pronounced tee-die), said Mr. Yuan, who left his job
in 1998 and still lives about a mile from the factory.
In Chinese, tidai means substitute. A clue that might have revealed
the poison, the counterfeit product, was hiding in plain sight.
It was in the product name.
Renwick McLean and Brent McDonald contributed reporting.

Haraq minge hejimini kichiklitiwitidu

HealthDay New yeni Saghlam Kuni Xewirining 5-ayning 2-kunidiki
xewiride bayan qilishiche haraq minge hejimini kichiklitiwitidiken.

Xewerde mundaq deyilgen, siz az miqdarda haraq ichkende belkim
yurekingizge bezi yardimi bolushi mumkin, biraq meyli siz az haraq
iching yaki kop haraq iching, u sizning mingizni kichiklitiwitidu
(shrink, ήËõ).

Amirkiliq tibi tetqiqatchi Carol Ann Paulning eytishiche, az
miqdarda haraq belkim yurekke paydisi bolushi mumkin, biraq haraq
istimal qilish bilen minge hejimi arisida menpi munasiwet bolup,
nahayti az haraq ichkendimu minge hejimige hichqandaq paydisi yoq.

Paulning bu baqishini, Amirka Nirva Kisellikler Jemiyiti (American
Academy of Neurology) ning Bostonda ichilghan yilliq yighinida ilan
qilghan.

Paul we uning xizmetdashliri 34 yashtin 88 yash ariliqidiki 1839
ademning minge MRI netijisige qarap chiqqan. Ular bu kishilerni
ezeldin haraq ichmeydighan, az haraq ichidighan (heptisige 1
romkidin 7 romka haraq ichidighan), ortahal haraq ichidighan
(heptisige 8 romkidin 14 romka haraq ichidighan), we kop haraq
ichidighan (heptisige 14 romkidin artuq haraq ichidighan) dep 4
gurpigha ayrip chiqqan. Netijide ular kop haraq ichidighanlarning
minge hejimi ezeldin haraq ichmeydighanlarning mingisige nisbeten
1.6% kichiklep ketkenligini bayqighan. Bu xil aqiwet haraq ichkuchi
ayallarda tiximu iniq bolidiken.

Hemmimizge melum bolghunidek ademning minge hejimi kichiklep ketse
yeni minge yigdep (ÄÔήËõ) qalsa, iside saqlash we yingi nersilerni
ugunush qabiliyiti towenlep kitish, inkasi astilap kitish, qoli
titireydighan bolup qilish qatarlqi yaman aqiwetler kilip chiqidu
(buni men qoshumche qilip qoydum)

Bu xewer qisqartilip terjime qilindi, esli tikisini towendiki
ulanmidin korung.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_48723.html

Qarguni gin arqiliq dawalash

Towendiki xewerde eytilishiche Engiliyede qarghuni gen bilen
dawalash haywanda muhapiqiyetlik bolup, ademde sinaq qilish
basquchigha kirgen iken.

Qarghu bolsa hazirgha qeder saqaytish bek qiyin bolghan kisellerning
biri bolup, adem qarghu bolup qalghanda, gerche adem hayatigha
tehdit ekelmisimu, biraq turmush supiti eghir derijide towenley,
bimar bir omur qarangghuluq ichide yashashqa mejburu bolidu.
Qarghuni gin bilen dawalash kelguside kozi kormes bolup
qalghanlargha qaytidin umut nuri ata qilghusi.


UK doctors test gene therapy to treat blindness
Reuters Health

Tuesday, May 1, 2007

LONDON (Reuters) - A team of British doctors has carried out the
world's first eye operations using gene therapy to try to cure a
serious sight disorder, officials said on Tuesday.

The group from Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London
(UCL) has operated on a small number of young adults with Leber's
congenital amaurosis, a type of inherited childhood blindness caused
by a single abnormal gene.

The condition prevents the retina from detecting light properly,
resulting in progressive deterioration and severely impaired
eyesight. There is no effective treatment.

The new experimental procedure involves inserting normal copies of
the faulty RPE65 gene into cells of the retina -- the light-
sensitive layer of cells at the back of the eye -- using a harmless
virus or vector.

The British doctors are working alongside Seattle, Washington-based
biotech firm Targeted Genetics Corp., which made the vector being
used in the Phase I/II trial.

It will be several months before the success of the procedure can be
properly assessed but medics said there had been no complications so
far.

The move into human testing follows 15 years of laboratory and
animal experimentation, including tests on dogs whose vision was
restored to the extent they could navigate a maze with ease.
"Testing it for the first time in patients is very important and
exciting and represents a huge step towards establishing gene
therapy for the treatment of many different eye conditions," Robin
Ali, professor of human molecular genetics at UCL, said in a
statement.

The clinical trial was given 1 million pounds ($2 million) of
funding by Britain's Department of Health, which said the pioneering
research underlined the country's leading position in gene therapy
in Europe.

The idea of using gene therapy to fix diseases caused by genetic
faults has long appealed to scientists, although getting the idea to
work in practice has proved tricky.

Some gene therapy approaches have helped patients. But one 18-year-
old volunteer died in a gene therapy experiment in 1999 and two
French boys cured of a rare immune disease later developed
leukaemia.

Over 70 percent of gene therapy trials to date have been for cancer,
where the process is complicated by the need to reach multiple sites
in the body.

The eye, by contrast, is relatively straightforward, said Andrew
George of London's Imperial College.

"The eye is good for gene therapy because it is a simple organ and
it is easy to see what is going on. There is hope that once gene
therapy is developed in the eye, scientists could move on to more
complex organs," he said.

Reuters Health

AIDS virusi bowaqlar qinida tiz yoshurnidu

Towendiki xewerde dokilat qilishiche AIDS ni dawalsh dorisigha
qarshi kuchi bar yeni dora tesir qilmaydighan AIDS virusi apidin
baligha yuqqandin kiyin, balining imiyunut sistimisidiki hujeyriler
ichige yoshurnup, bir nechche yilliq yoshurun mezgilni bishidin
otkuzidiken. Bu balilar arisidiki AIDS ni dawalashta alahide
tosqunluq rol oynaydiken.

Amirkida apisi AIDS virusi bilen yuqumlanghanlarning balisigha
yuqturush nisbiti texminen 25% bolsimu, biraq tereqqi qiliwatqan
dowletlerde bu nisbet xilila yuquri iken.

AIDS ni dawalsh dorisigha qarshi kuchi bar yeni dora tesir
qilmaydighan AIDS virusi dawalash eslidin qiyin bolghan AIDS
kisilini tiximu murekkepleshturmekte, AIDS ni dawalsh dorisigha
qarshi kuchi bar yeni dora tesir qilmaydighan AIDS virusi dawalash
eslidin qiyin bolghan AIDS kisilini tiximu murekkepleshturmekte, we
AIDS kisilige giriptar bolghan balilarning dawalash unimining towen
bolushigha sewep bolmaqta.

Memet Emin


AIDS virus hides quickly inside babies' blood

Reuters Health

Monday, April 30, 2007

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Drug-resistant versions of the AIDS virus
passed from mother to child can quickly hide in the infant's immune
system cells and lurk for years, researchers reported on Monday.
This will limit what drugs the children can take to control their
infection, Dr. Deborah Persaud of Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine in Baltimore and colleagues said.

While mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus has been slowed
in the United States by giving drugs to both the mother and the baby
at the time of birth, it is still a major cause of HIV infection in
the developing world.

If not treated, about 25 percent of newborns get the virus from
their infected mothers, either during birth or shortly after, while
breastfeeding.

Drug-resistant versions of the human immunodeficiency virus are also
a growing problem. People develop resistance while taking AIDS
drugs, but then this resistant virus can be passed from one person
to another.

Persaud's team studied 21 HIV-infected infants in 10 U.S. states.
They found five of them were infected with drug-resistant HIV from
their mothers.

The virus moved quickly to so-called resting or inactive CD4 T-
cells -- the cells normally infected by HIV, Persaud's team reported
in The Journal of Infectious Diseases.

The virus was resistant to a class of AIDS drugs called non-
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or NNRTIs. But protease
inhibitors, another class of AIDS drugs, worked, the researchers
found.

"The initial transmitted drug-resistant virus will likely never be
cleared from that infant with currently available treatments,"
Persaud said in a statement.

The AIDS virus is especially difficult to fight because it infects
the immune system cells that usually battle a viral infection.
Single drugs do very little to control it, so it is important to use
cocktails of drugs that interfere with the virus at various points
in its life cycle.

There are currently about 20 different available AIDS drugs in
various classes, but patients with resistant virus automatically
cannot use several of them.

Reuters Health

AIDS dorisining hazirqi we kelgusi baziri

Towendiki xewerde eytilishiche AIDS ni dawalashta ishlitidighan
dorilarning sitilish qimmiti 2005-yili 7.1 miliyart (7.1 billion)
dollar bolup, 10 yildin kiyin yeni 2015-yiligha barghanda 10.5
miliyart dollar qimmitige yitidiken.

Hazir AIDS ni dawalashta ishlitidighan dorilarning mutleq kop qismi
nahayti qimmet bolup, adettiki kishilerning istimal sewiyesidin
xilila yuquri. Adettiki Uyghlargha nisbeten hazirche asasen mumkin
diyishke bolidu. Chunki bu dorilarni bir omur uzluksiz toxtatmay
ishlitip turush zorur.


AIDS Drugs Sales to Top $10 Billion by 2015

April 12, 2007

By Ben Hirschler

(Reuters Health) - The launch of new drugs and an increase in the
number of people diagnosed with HIV is set to make AIDS medicine a
$10.6 billion market by 2015, according to a report on Thursday.
Drugmakers may be under pressure to cut prices in the developing
world but selling HIV drugs in the West remains a lucrative and fast-
growing business.

Independent market research firm Datamonitor said the HIV/AIDS market
was set to undergo significant changes over the next 10 years as
drugs that work through novel mechanisms and next-generation versions
of existing drugs are launched.

Sales, as a result, should rise significantly from about $7.1 billion
in 2005, benefiting a clutch of companies with promising new
products, including Merck & Co Inc., Pfizer Inc., Gilead Sciences
Inc. and Johnson & Johnson.

Most cases of HIV/AIDS occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where lack of
funding means treatment is restricted and prices are under pressure,
resulting in little if any profit for multinational drug firms.

Just this week Abbott Laboratories Inc., widely criticised for
aggressive pricing of its AIDS medicines, agreed to slash the price
of its Kaletra AIDS drug by more than half in more than 40 poor
countries.

But at the same time the disease is also increasing in the developed
world, with an estimated 2.1 million people in North America and
Western Europe living with HIV in 2006, up from 1.9 million in 2004.

"Advances in antiretroviral therapy have turned HIV from a
universally feared death sentence into a chronic disease with an
average life expectancy similar to that of Type 2 diabetes,"
Datamonitor analyst Mansi Shah said.

"Because of this, attitudes towards HIV have become relatively blase
amongst some groups."

Notable new types of drugs include Pfizer's maraviroc, a CCR5
inhibitor, and Merck's raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, which are
expected to be launched in 2007 and 2008 respectively.

They will complement new generation forms of existing drug classes,
such as Johnson & Johnson's recently approved Prezista, a protease
inhibitor.

Such products offer new treatment options for the growing number of
patients whose disease no longer responds to existing drugs.

At the same time, other companies are developing improved fixed-dose
drug combinations, including Atripla from Gilead, which combines the
components of current drug cocktails into a single pill that can be
taken once a day.

Atripla was launched in the United States last year and is expected
to take market share from its two components Truvada and Sustiva, as
well as competitor drugs such as GlaxoSmithKline Plc's Combivir,
Datamonitor said.

The global market for all pharmaceuticals grew 7 percent last year to
$643 billion, according to estimates from another market research
company, IMS Health, released last month.

Follow the simple diet tips from experts to get rid of those extra
pounds. Learn the most effective methods right here:
http://health.weightlossbud.com

Hazir Amirkida AIDS kisilini dawalashta ishlitishke testiqlanghan
dora turi jemi 22 xil bolup, bu dorilarning biri yaki ikki uchini
birleshturup ishlitip dawalash arqiliq, bimarning omurini uzartish
mexsitige yetkili bolidu. Eger kishiler AIDS virusi yeni HIV bilen
yuqumlunup qanche burun iniqlansa, we qanche burun dora ishlitip
dawalash ilip barsa, HIV yuqumlunushtin AIDS kisilige tereqqi qilish
suretini astilatqili bolushi mumkin. Yene usluksiz dawalash ilip
barsa, AIDS kisilining tereqqi qilishini astilatqili we bimarning
omurini uzartqili bolushi mumkin.

Amirkida Peter isimlik bir bimarning 1985-yili HIV bilen
yuqumlanghanlighi iniqlanghan iken. Eyni waqitta AIDS ni dawalashta
testiqlanghan dora asasen yoq ikenduq. 1987-yili AZT digen dora AIDS
kisilini dawalashta testiqliniptu. Shuningdin itiwaren bu kishi
uzluksiz dawalash ilip biriptu. Hazir 22 yildin kiyin bu kishi tixi
hayat iken.

Hazir bar bolghan yuqarqi 22 xil dora arqiliq dawalash ilip barghanda
qandiki HIV ni konturul qilip, kiselning tereqqi qilishini
astilatqili, we bimarning omurini uzartqili bolghan bilen, nahayti az
sandiki kishiler bedinidiki HIV ning yoqighanlighi toghursidiki
xewerlerni hisapqa almighanda muteleq kop sandiki kishilerning
bedinide HIV dawalamliq mewjut bolup turidu, we kopunche bimar AIDS
kisilige tereqqi qilghandin kiyin 5, 6 yil ichide olup kitidu. Shunga
hazirgha qeder AIDS kisili unumluk dawasi bolmighan kisel hisaplinip
kiliwatidu. Bundaq digenlik AIDS kisilige dawa yoq digenlik emes,
mundaqche eyitqanda AIDS kisilige dawa bar biraq unumluk dawa yoq.

Nurghun dawalash imkaniyiti tamamen bar bolghan kisellerge giriptar
bolghan Uyghurlar her xil sewepler tupeylidin unumluk dawalash
pursitige ige bolalmaywatqan bugunki kunde, "AIDS kisilige dawa
tipildi" digen xewerdin alahide hayajanlinip kitishning kop ehmiyiti
yoq. Eger AIDS kisilige unumluk dawa tipilghan bolsa, bu heqiqeten
bir xushallinarliq ish, biraq bizge nisbeten eng muhimi, AIDS ni
dawalash emes, belki uning aldini ilishqa tiximu ehmiyet birish. Eger
biz yiterlik ehmiyet bersekla, AIDS ksilining Uyghlar arisida
tarqilish suretini astilitalaymiz, we bara bara azlitalaymiz. AIDS
ning aldini ilish AIDS  kisilini dawalashqa nisbeten, Uyghurlargha
yiximu muhapiq, tiximu emili, tiximu ixtizadchil, tiximu yaxshi chare
hisaplansa kirek. Emiliyette kisel dawalashning ozi kiselning aldini
ilish meghlup bolghandin kiyin qollunidighan "amal yoqning amali".

Men burun dep otkendek AIDS kisili yolda kitiwatqan ademlerge
ozligidinla yuqup qalmaydu. Bir adem AIDS kisilige giriptar bolush
uchun, HIV bilen yuqumlunush kirek. HIV bilen yuqumlunushning asasliq
yolliri qalaymiqan jinsi munasiwet qilish, zeherlik chikimlikni
zeherlik chikimlik chekkuchiler arisida bir yingne bilen ortaq okul
qilip urush, andin qalsa qan silish, apidin baligha yuqush
qatarliqlar. Axirqi ikki sewepni hisapqa almighanda, AIDS bilen
yuqumlunushni asasen meyli dini itiqadimiz olchimi boyiche bolsun we
yaki hazirqi qanun tuzum olchimi bilen bolsun, "yaman ish qilish"
bilen munasiwetlik dep qarashqa bolidu. Elwette qan silish arqiliq
ozlirige AIDS ni yuqturiwalghan gunasiz kishilermu bar. Likin hazir
Uyghurlar arisidiki AIDS kisili bilen yuqumlanghanlarning omumi
yuzluk ehwalidin qarighanda, mutleq kop qismi yenila qalaymiqan jinsi
munasiwet qilish, zeherlik chikimlikni zeherlik chikimlik
chekkuchiler arisida bir yingne bilen ortaq okul qilip urush bilen
biwaste munasiwetlik. Shunga hayatimizni qedirleyli, ozimizge,
ahilimizge mesul bolayli. Ikkila alemde guna hisaplanghan ishlardin
qol uzeyli.

"Her qaysi döletlerning téliwizur, radio, gézit-jornallirida keng
kölemde teshwiq qilindi" digen bu xewerni men anglap baqmaptimen.
Shunga men buning hazirche iniq bir nerse diyelmeymen.

Shundaqtimu men oz koz qarashlirimni oturgha qoyap otmekchimen. Aldi
bilen "unumluk dawa" digen bu bir nisbi soz. Eger biz bu "unumluk
dawa" sozini mutlaq menesi bilen chushensek, hazir mewjut boliwatqan
kisellerning mutleq kop qismighan "unumluk dawa" yoq. Mesilen yurek
kisilige "unumluk dawa" yoq, yuquri qan bisimigha "unumluk dawa" yoq,
diyabit kisilige "unumluk dawa" yoq, rak kisilige "unumluk dawa"
yoq,  jigger yallughigha "unumluk dawa" yoq. "Unumluk dawa" tipilghan
kiseller asasen az. Chunki adem bu kisellerge giriptar bolghandin
kiyin, kopunchisini bir omur dawalap turush kirek, bolmisa yene qayta
qozghilidu. Eger biz bu "unumluk dawa" digen sozni nispi menide
ishletsek, yuqurdiki kisellerge hemmisige "unumluk dawa" bar. Hetta
Eydiz kisiligimu dora bar. Chunki yuqarqi kisellerge giriptar bolghan
kishiler eger uzluksiz dawalinip tursa kisel yaxshi konturul bolidu,
bimarning omurimu uziraydu. Mesilen yurek kisilige giriptar bolghan
bezi kishiler yaxshi dawalinish arqiliq, 20, 30 omur koreleydu. Biraq
beziler unumluk dawalashqa irishelmey tizla olup kitidu. Rak kisilige
giriptar bolghan kishilermu waxtida unumluk dawalansa 10 yildin artuq
omur koreleydu, eger waxtida unumluk dawlash ilip barmisa, belkim 1
yil ichide olup kitishi mumkin. Eydiz kisilige giriptar
bolghanlarning beziliri Amirkida 18 yildin artuq omur korgenler bar.

Shunga yuqarqi xewerde diyilgen dorining ras yalghanlighini peqet
waqit ispatlaydu. U dorining unimi bilen bir adem 10 yil artuq omur
korush uchun 10 yil waqit kirek.

Sumruq isimlik bir tordash, AIDS kisilini dawalash toghursida
towendiki xetni Biwal.com gha chaplighan iken

Hormetlik Doktor Memet Imin, yeqindin beri wetendiki tor betliride,
Eydiz kesilige dora tepildi degen yazma yamrap ketti. U keselge
raslam dawa tepilghan bolsa kishini hayajangha salmay qoymaydu. Siz
Eydiz kesili tughurluq kopligen maqalilerni yazghan idingiz. Shunga
sizning bu xewer tughurluq choqum xewiringiz bolishe mumkin. Mumkin
bolsa bu xewerning ras yaki yalghanliqi tughurluq melumat bergen
bolsingiz. Sizdin yene soal sorap aware qilidighanliqimdin epu
soraymen.

Salam bilen Sumruq

Dangliq islam dewetchisi, qur'an we hedistiki ilmi möjize tetqiqat
hey'itining qurghuchisi, iman unwérsitétining reisi yemenlik
proffisor sheyx abdulmejid ez-zindani, yéqinda özining yétekchiligi
astidiki tébbi tetqiqat guruppisining hazirghiche dorisi tépilmighan
késel eydizgha dora keshp qilghanlighini élan qildi. Bu xewer
yéqindin béri pütün xelqara axbarat sahesining diqqitini jelp qilip,
pütün dunyani zil-zilige keltürdi. Her qaysi döletlerning téliwizur,
radio, gézit-jornallirida keng kölemde teshwiq qilindi. Proffisor
sheyx abdulmejid ez-zindanining éytishiche, bügünki bu netije 15
yilliq tetqiqat we izdinishning méwisi bolup, peyghember
eleyhésalamning «bir késelni chüshürgen iken uning dawasinimu birge
chüshüridu, uni bileligenler bilidu, bilelmigenler bilelmeydu» dégen
hedisige asasen, choqum bu késelningmu dorisi barghu dégen izgü-ümüt
bilen tetqiqatni bashlighan iken. Keshp qilin'ghan dorining terkiwi
qismi toghruluq qisqiche chüshenche bérip, buningda ishlitilgen
dorilar peyghember eleyhéssalamning hedisliride tilgha élin'ghan bir
qisim tibbi ösümlük we bashqa eshyalardin terkip tapqan bolup,
xelqara dora ishlesh ölchimi we qanun pirinsiplirigha tamamen riaye
qilin'ghan , emma keshp qilin'ghan dorining patént hoquqi téxi qanuni
jehettin kapaetlendurulmigechke bu heqte artuq melumat
bérilmeydighanliqini eskertti we dunyadiki barche dora ishlesh
shirketliri we b.D.T gha qarashliq sehiye ishliri teshkilati dorini
közdin kechürüsh we bu dora bilen dawalan'ghan kishilerning
xelqaradiki eng ilghar labiraturiyelerde élip bérilghan,
dawalan'ghandin kéyinki tekshürüsh netijisini körüsh üchün yemenni
ziyaret qilishqa chaqirdi. Igellinishiche, bu dora bilen
dawalan'ghandin kéyin eydis wérusidin teltöküs qutulup, saghlamlighi
eslige halitige qaytqanlar 20 kishige yetken. Shundaqla bu dorining
yene (B,C ) tipliq yuqumluq jiger késellikliri we shiker késilini
dawalashta alahide ünüm bergenligi ispatlan'ghan. Hazirghiche bu
xildiki késellerni dawalash musulman yaki kapir bolushigha qarimastin
heqsiz élip bérilmaqta. Islamgha her xil töhmetlet toqiliwatqan,
muhemmet eleyhéssalamgha her türlük hujumlar qiliniwatqan mushundaq
jiddi bir peytte, xelqarada radikalliq we térorchiliq bilen eyiplinip
b.D.T ning qara tizimlikige kirgüzülgen bir sheyix teripidin, ölüm
girdawéda ejilini kütüwatqan milyunlarche insan'gha shipa
béghushlighuchi bir dorining ijat qilinishi islam dinining heqiqeten
barche insaniyetke rehmet, mihri-shepqet béghishlughuchi bir din
ikenligini, musulmanlarning insaniyetke neqeder köyümchan kishiler
ikenligini dunyagha yene bir jakarlidi.

Menbe:anayurt munbiri

Vitamin K we qan tomur qetish

Doxtur Memetiminning  Shair Batur Rozining oelimi
munasiwiti bilen yazghan "Uyghurlardiki yurek
kisilining ushtumtut qozghilishi tupeylidin qaza
tepishini Uyghurlarning yimeck ichmek, turmush aditi
bilen baghlighanliqini ispatlighan bir tetqiqat iken.
Qizil qan tomurni tazilashqa yardimi bolidighan
Vitamin K koep bolidighan yemeklikler soybean, olive
and canola oils, and dark green vegetables such as
broccoli, kale, spinach and Brussels sprouts
qatarliqlar iken.
Lekin men ularning kopining ismini  Uyghur elidiki
chaghlarda anglapmu baqmighan ikenmen. Qarighanda
Uyghurlarning yimek ichmek aditi bilen qan tomur
keselliklirining munasiweti zich oxshaydu.



***********************************
Vitamin K May Help Clear Arteries

MONDAY, April 2 (HealthDay News) -- Animals given high
levels of vitamin K showed a 37 percent reduction in
calcium buildup in their arteries, a new study finds.

Arterial calcification is an independent risk factor
for cardiovascular disease, researchers noted.

The Dutch study, by researchers at Maastricht
University, is the first in animals to show that
arterial calcification and resulting decreased
arterial elasticity can be reversed by consuming high
levels of vitamin K. The findings support the results
of a Rotterdam population-based study published in
2004.

This research into the benefits of high vitamin K
intake may prove especially important for people
taking blood thinning medications, such as warfarin,
which are known to cause rapid calcification in the
arteries. Many patients taking blood thinners aren't
aware of this risk, the researchers said.

Vitamin K is found in many kinds of foods, including
soybean, olive and canola oils, and dark green
vegetables such as broccoli, kale, spinach and
Brussels sprouts. Vitamin K is also available in
supplements.

The study was funded by Maastricht University and is
published in the April 1 issue of the journal Blood.
**********************





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Passip tamaka chikishi we balilar tebirkiloz kisili

Towendiki xewerde bayan qilishiche tebirkiloz kisilige giriptar
bolghanlar mewjut sharahitta chonglar checkken tamaka shu muhittiki
balilarning tebirkiloz kisilige giriptar bolush xetirini ashuridiken.
Uyghurlar arisida her xil tebirkiloz kisilige giriptar bolghanlar
nahayti kop bolup, xili kop sandiki bimarlarda alahide kisellik
alamiti bolmighachqa ozining tebirkilozgha giriptar bolghanlighini
bilmeydu. Hem shundaqla Uyghurlar arisida kichik bala bar oydimu
tamaka chikidighan ehwal yenila mewjut bolup, meyli adettiki
olturash, toy tukun we her xil sorunlarda bu xil ehwal tiximu omum
yuzluk mewjut. Miningche biz balilarni kelgusining egiliri
deydikenmiz, ularning saghlam osup yitilishige toluq shert sharahit
yitildurshimiz kirek. Ozingiz we bashqilarning salametligi uchun
bolsimu oy ichide we ammawi sorunlarda tamaka chekmeng.

Passive smoking linked with TB risk in children

Thursday, April 5, 2007

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A study conducted in South Africa
suggests there is an association between passive smoking and
increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children
living in a home with a tuberculosis patient.

"Tuberculosis and smoking are both significant public health
problems," Dr. Saskia den Boon, of KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The
Hague, Netherlands, and colleagues write in the April issue of
Pediatrics. The possible association between passive smoking and TB
infection in children "is a cause of great concern, considering the
high prevalence of smoking and tuberculosis in most developing
countries."

The team conducted a community survey that included 15 percent of the
addresses in two adjacent low- to middle-income suburbs in Cape Town.
All children younger than 15 years of age and their adult household
members living at the addresses were included in the study.

All of the children received a tuberculin skin test, with M.
tuberculosis infection defined as a reaction of at least 10 mm. The
team defined passive smoking as living in a home with at least one
adult who smoked for at least 1 year.

A total of 1344 children were included in the analysis. Of these, 432
(32 percent) had a positive tuberculin skin test and 1170 (87
percent) were classified as passive smokers.

The rate of positive tuberculin skin tests was 34 percent in children
with a smoker in the home compared with 21 percent in those who were
not passive smokers. The difference was not statistically significant.
However, there was a significant association between passive smoking
and a positive tuberculin skin test in the 172 households that had
with a patient with tuberculosis. Children living in these conditions
were nearly five-times as likely to test positive.

"Passive smoking might affect the immune system of the child, thus
increasing the risk of getting infected," den Boon and colleagues
suggest. Tobacco smoke exposure alters cell function, such as
lowering the rate of clearance of inhaled substances and abnormal
permeability of cells and blood vessels.

The investigators note that "in many developing countries with a high
burden of tuberculosis, the prevalence of smoking is rapidly
increasing, especially among women." The proportion of women who
smoke is particularly worrisome, they add, "because they expose their
children to tobacco smoke."

SOURCE: Pediatrics, April 2007.