----- Original Message -----

From: Constant Motion

To: MD-List@yahoogroups.com

Sent: Friday, December 31, 2004 11:08 AM

Subject: Re: [MD-List] Digest Number 1568

For 3 years I put 2 to 3 tablespoons of the actual seed ground which makes more when ground. When I went to 6 tablespoons which took away all my allergy symptoms that I have had since I was a preteen (now I am 59) it over powered the cereal so I now just put 3 ttablespoons in a half glass of water stir it up real fast and drink in in one quick gulp. I do this twice a day. If a person did this half an hour before eating a big meal it would tend to make you feel a little fuller so you may tend to eat a little less and it would be there to combine with the fats you eat and help to lower cholesterol.

If you look at a nutritive analysis of flax there are a lot of trace minerals as well as natural Vitamin E in it. Our bodies need these trace minerals to make enzymes for digestion and energy production. Sadly with the white flour and processed foods we do not get enough trace minerals in our diet.

I have read research that shows that it is the lignans or plant chemicals in flax seed have the cholesterol lowering effects but it is well know that a persons body needs a balance of Omega-3 and Omega-6 oils. We get lots of Omega-6 from the cooking oils but most get little to no Omega-3.

I think it looks a bit yukky but to me but it tastes like gound up nuts. The north american palate is jaded to sugar, salt and fat though so anything else it tends to reject. I have been re-educating mine to eat whole grains, fruit, vegetables fish fowl and meat while avoiding sugar and white flour. I feel so well it is worth it. I am looking at food first as something to optimumly nourish the billions of cells in my body rather than just something to please my taste buds for a  second. It has paid off in my health and feeling really well like I did when I was a kid.

You can add the flax to yoghurt, a smoothie etc. My sister-in-law sprinkles some on her salad.

 

Mine was 300 but the LDL and HDL were alright, and the combination of
the 3 rated me slightly above normal. My parents did not have high
chlosterol and my 2 sons are ok, one has DMD and the other don't,
both in their 30's. I think stress doesn't help.  Now my husband's
family does have a chlosterol problem.  I guess the peanut butter is
better than lunch meat so that may make the difference.
Arlene

--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, <hhjgreene@y...> wrote:
> Hey Arlene,
> I'm not so sure about that because I've lost  40 lbs in a year,
I've eaten peanut butter and nuts and my colesterol is still 245.  My
trycliscerides were way low due to I cut out the sugar.  High
colesterol has alot to do with heritity.  My doctors said to eat
chicken and turkey, white meat.
> But I do think that peanut butter is heathy.
>
> Holly
>
> ironjustice@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 12/30/2004 2:05:25 PM Mountain Standard Time,
> breezytimber@y... writes:
>
> << My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years
and
> it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
> sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
> considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich instead
> of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
> peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
> another test done will see what that says.
> Arlene
>   >>
>
> Were you using vegetable or animal  lecithin .. ?
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>
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Where did you get that idea.  There is a press that apples are
squeezed through and it makes apple cider or juice.  Juice is
squeezed out of most fruit.  Haven't you seen juicers in the store.
They are electric and you put fruit in and it spins the juice out.
Do you live in the USA?
Arlene

--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, ironjustice@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 12/30/2004 5:05:31 PM Mountain Standard Time,
> breezytimber@y... writes:
>
> << Don't remember it was a long time ago. Also was told apples and
apple
>  juice was good to lower chlosterol, my husband drank lots of apple
>  juice and we use plenty apples as I pick apples from the orchard
each
>  fall and they keep all winter in a cool place.  >>
>
> Ever since I found out they run apple juice through animal bones to
purify ..
> haven't had a glass in ten years ..
>
> << If didn't lower his
>  chlosterol, but he had the fatty deposits don't know what they are
>  called, people get on their eye lids from high chlosterol, they
did
>  disappear. >>
>
> Funny you should mention the fatty deposits in the eye lids ..
>
> THAT is precisely what they use lecithin for .. and now they are
marketing it
> as that ..
>
> Lipostabil or something like that..
>
> I've been attempting to find out if .. since they use lecithin to
carry drugs
> across the epidermis / skin .. does lecithin cross the skin ..
intact .. ?
> Can't seem to get an answer .. but if it does it would be a good
way to test
> on oneself .. or others .. as a massage oil ..?
> Since lecithin is considered to be phytic acid in liquid form and
since both
> lecithin and phytic acid are iron binders and since iron binders
are proposed
> to be a good anti-inflammatory .. then it would / should work on
arthritis ..
> general aches and pains .. etc.. in theory.
>
> Dermatol Surg. 2001 Apr;27(4):391-2. Related Articles, Links
>
>
> The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of lower lid bulging
due to
> prominent fat pads.
>
> Rittes PG.
>
> Clinica Patricia Rittes, Sao Paulo, Brazil. prittes@r...
>
> BACKGROUND: Patients with prominent periorbital fat pads often
complain of
> having a persistent "tired" look and seek treatment from their
dermatologist.
> OBJECTIVE: A non-surgical treatment of fat pads. METHODS: Thirty
patients were
> treated for prominent lower eyelid fat pads with
phosphatidylcholine injection.
> Pre- and posttreatment photographs were taken for long-term
analysis.
> RESULTS: A marked reduction of the lower eyelid fat pads was noted
over the 2-year
> follow-up period. There were no recurrences. CONCLUSION: The
injection of
> phosphatidylcholine (250 mg/5 ml) into the fat pads is a simple
office procedure
> that may postpone or even substitute for lower eyelid
blepharoplasty.
>
> PMID: 11298713 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
> --
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom

For 3 years I put 2 to 3 tablespoons of the actual seed ground which makes more when ground. When I went to 6 tablespoons which took away all my allergy symptoms that I have had since I was a preteen (now I am 59) it over powered the cereal so I now just put 3 ttablespoons in a half glass of water stir it up real fast and drink in in one quick gulp. I do this twice a day. If a person did this half an hour before eating a big meal it would tend to make you feel a little fuller so you may tend to eat a little less and it would be there to combine with the fats you eat and help to lower cholesterol.

If you look at a nutritive analysis of flax there are a lot of trace minerals as well as natural Vitamin E in it. Our bodies need these trace minerals to make enzymes for digestion and energy production. Sadly with the white flour and processed foods we do not get enough trace minerals in our diet.

I have read research that shows that it is the lignans or plant chemicals in flax seed have the cholesterol lowering effects but it is well know that a persons body needs a balance of Omega-3 and Omega-6 oils. We get lots of Omega-6 from the cooking oils but most get little to no Omega-3.

I think it looks a bit yukky but to me but it tastes like gound up nuts. The north american palate is jaded to sugar, salt and fat though so anything else it tends to reject. I have been re-educating mine to eat whole grains, fruit, vegetables fish fowl and meat while avoiding sugar and white flour. I feel so well it is worth it. I am looking at food first as something to optimumly nourish the billions of cells in my body rather than just something to please my taste buds for a  second. It has paid off in my health and feeling really well like I did when I was a kid.

You can add the flax to yoghurt, a smoothie etc. My sister-in-law sprinkles some on her salad.

Message: 19       
   Date: Thu, 30 Dec 2004 21:33:46 -0800 (PST)
   From: <hhjgreene@...>
Subject: Re: Re: checked flaxseed in search

Ok, I may agree with this but flaxseed taste awful.  how much do you
put on your cereal?

Holly

wiggytweeks <wiggytweeks@...> wrote:

My wife had a familial not diet type of high cholesterol. I suggested
she start taking flax seed a few weeks ago. She went into the doctor
and said in front of me to the doctor that I though flax seed was a
cure all.

She was very surprised when the doctor said" It is very good. I take
it every morning on my cereal. My uncle thinks it is really helps him
too. He grows it for himself."

I was a little astounded at this because this is the same doctor that
prescribed Altace for me to lower my blood pressure. The Altace
brought it down by 5 or 10 points but gave me a dry cough.

When I got on the flax my bp is now typically 112 over 70. My doc is
very pleased but he did not tell me to use flax although he uses it
himself. It makes me wonder if they all don't get a kick back from
the drug companies.

I recommended flax to a neighbour who had high cholesterol. After 3
months his doctor said he had never seen such good cholesterol
readings and keep up doing whatever he was doing.

The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several months but
the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two in
my experience.

They feed it to laying hens to get low cholesterol eggs called Omega-
3 eggs sold inthe supermarkets here.

My wife had a familial not diet type of high cholesterol. I suggested
she start taking flax seed a few weeks ago. She went into the doctor
and said in front of me to the doctor that I though flax seed was a
cure all.

She was very surprised when the doctor said" It is very good. I take
it every morning on my cereal. My uncle thinks it is really helps him
too. He grows it for himself."

I was a little astounded at this because this is the same doctor that
prescribed Altace for me to lower my blood pressure. The Altace
brought it down by 5 or 10 points but gave me a dry cough.

When I got on the flax my bp is now typically 112 over 70. My doc is
very pleased but he did not tell me to use flax although he uses it
himself. It makes me wonder if they all don't get a kick back from
the drug companies.

I recommended flax to a neighbour who had high cholesterol. After 3
months his doctor said he had never seen such good cholesterol
readings and keep up doing whatever he was doing.

The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several months but
the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two in
my experience.

They feed it to laying hens to get low cholesterol eggs called Omega-
3 eggs sold inthe supermarkets here.

In a message dated 12/30/2004 5:05:31 PM Mountain Standard Time,
breezytimber@... writes:

<< Don't remember it was a long time ago. Also was told apples and apple
  juice was good to lower chlosterol, my husband drank lots of apple
  juice and we use plenty apples as I pick apples from the orchard each
  fall and they keep all winter in a cool place.  >>

Ever since I found out they run apple juice through animal bones to purify ..
haven't had a glass in ten years ..

<< If didn't lower his
  chlosterol, but he had the fatty deposits don't know what they are
  called, people get on their eye lids from high chlosterol, they did
  disappear. >>

Funny you should mention the fatty deposits in the eye lids ..

THAT is precisely what they use lecithin for .. and now they are marketing it
as that ..

Lipostabil or something like that..

I've been attempting to find out if .. since they use lecithin to carry drugs
across the epidermis / skin .. does lecithin cross the skin .. intact .. ?
Can't seem to get an answer .. but if it does it would be a good way to test
on oneself .. or others .. as a massage oil ..?
Since lecithin is considered to be phytic acid in liquid form and since both
lecithin and phytic acid are iron binders and since iron binders are proposed
to be a good anti-inflammatory .. then it would / should work on arthritis ..
general aches and pains .. etc.. in theory.

Dermatol Surg. 2001 Apr;27(4):391-2. Related Articles, Links


The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of lower lid bulging due to
prominent fat pads.

Rittes PG.

Clinica Patricia Rittes, Sao Paulo, Brazil. prittes@...

BACKGROUND: Patients with prominent periorbital fat pads often complain of
having a persistent "tired" look and seek treatment from their dermatologist.
OBJECTIVE: A non-surgical treatment of fat pads. METHODS: Thirty patients were
treated for prominent lower eyelid fat pads with phosphatidylcholine injection.
Pre- and posttreatment photographs were taken for long-term analysis.
RESULTS: A marked reduction of the lower eyelid fat pads was noted over the
2-year
follow-up period. There were no recurrences. CONCLUSION: The injection of
phosphatidylcholine (250 mg/5 ml) into the fat pads is a simple office procedure
that may postpone or even substitute for lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

PMID: 11298713 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--

Who loves ya.
Tom

I would think the water being ocean water high in salt would help
prevent disease. However it would have opened up septic or drain
fields what ever type of waste system the country has and mixed it
together.  But you would think there was more ocean water than waste
water. Of course any chemicals etc. would be mixed in the water.
Arlene

--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, ironjustice@a... wrote:
> This study I would conclude to be a VERY important study in regards
to the
> problems now being encountered in those with water borne illness ..
>
> http://tinyurl.com/5ps6y
>
> Only lecithin effectively reduced protozoal numbers, by 27%
>
> Tom

Don't remember it was a long time ago. Also was told apples and apple
juice was good to lower chlosterol, my husband drank lots of apple
juice and we use plenty apples as I pick apples from the orchard each
fall and they keep all winter in a cool place.  If didn't lower his
chlosterol, but he had the fatty deposits don't know what they are
called, people get on their eye lids from high chlosterol, they did
disappear.
Arlene

--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, ironjustice@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 12/30/2004 2:05:25 PM Mountain Standard Time,
> breezytimber@y... writes:
>
> << My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years
and
>  it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
>  sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
>  considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich
instead
>  of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
>  peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
>  another test done will see what that says.
>  Arlene
>   >>
>
> Were you using vegetable or animal  lecithin .. ?
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom

Just received a newsletter from Harford County, MD  it has a web
address for disabled parents with young children.  This probably
wouldn't be of interest for DMD but others may like it.  Has a lot of
catagories such as adaptive aids, baby care products adaptable to
parents needs, books, magazines, medical, etc.
http://www.disabledparents.net  if it doesn't click on remove the
http:// and type it in the address bar without the http://
Arlene

This study I would conclude to be a VERY important study in regards to the
problems now being encountered in those with water borne illness ..

http://tinyurl.com/5ps6y

Only lecithin effectively reduced protozoal numbers, by 27%

Tom

In a message dated 12/30/2004 2:05:25 PM Mountain Standard Time,
breezytimber@... writes:

<< My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years and
  it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
  sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
  considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich instead
  of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
  peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
  another test done will see what that says.
  Arlene
   >>

Were you using vegetable or animal  lecithin .. ?

Who loves ya.
Tom

Prevention Magazine actually has a diet called "The Peanut Butter
Diet" that is supposed to help you lose weight and lower your
cholesterol.  I've recent been diagnosed with high cholestreral and
can't take lipitor, so I'm really researching life style changes I can
make.

Beth


On Thu, 30 Dec 2004 21:01:43 -0000, Arlene <breezytimber@...> wrote:
>
>
> My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years and
> it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
> sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
> considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich instead
> of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
> peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
> another test done will see what that says.
> Arlene
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>

--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, "Arlene " <breezytimber@y...> wrote:
>
> My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years and
> it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
> sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
> considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich instead
> of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
> peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
> another test done will see what that says.
> Arlene

I know walnuts and Almonds have Omega-3 oils like flaxseed  but i am
not sure of if peanuts do also.

I think the response time is variable but I selected a longer time
frame so those that did not respond right away would not give up. I
know personally how well flax works I would like others to bennefit
from it. Glad to see you are not afraid to read and think for
yourself Tom.
By the way I have lecithin here for my wife.





--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, ironjustice@a... wrote:
> In a message dated 12/30/2004 12:21:00 PM Mountain Standard Time,
> wiggytweeks@y... writes:
>
> << The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several
months but
>  the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two
in
>  my experience.  >>
>
> It seems lecithin .. comparable TO flaxseed is ALSO getting the
same results
> .. but .. it seems .. much .. quicker ..
>
>
> <<snip>>
> after only 2 weeks, PI may have a comparable therapeutic value to
niacin
> <<snip>>
>
> J Lipid Res. 2004 Dec 1; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles,
Links
>
>
> Phosphatidylinositol raises HDL cholesterol levels in humans.
>
>
> Burgess JW, Neville TA, Rouillard P, Harder Z, Beanlands DS, Sparks
DL.
>
>
> Studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) can stimulate
reverse
> cholesterol transport by enhancing the flux of cholesterol into HDL
and by
> promoting the transport of HDL-cholesterol to the liver and bile.
The goal of
> this study was to determine the safety and therapeutic value of PI
following
> oral administration to normolipidemic human subjects. We performed
a
> randomized
> 2 week study in 16 normolipidemic subjects. Subjects received
either 2.8 g or
> 5.6 g of PI, with or without food. PI was well tolerated by all
subjects. PI
> significantly affected the levels of HDL-C and triglyceride in the
plasma of
> subjects receiving PI with food. The lower dose showed a 13%
increase in
> HDL-C,
> while those on the high dose showed an increase of 18% over the 2
week period.
> Both low and high dose groups showed significant elevations in
plasma apoA-I.
> The high dose of PI also decreased plasma triglycerides by 36% in
the fed
> subjects. The data suggest that after only 2 weeks, PI may have a
comparable
> therapeutic value to niacin, with negligible side effects.
>
>
> PMID: 15576836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
>
>
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> ------
>
> J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004 Nov 17;18(5):273-278 [Epub ahead of
print] Related
> Articles, Links
>
> Possible neuroprotective effects of lecithin and alpha-tocopherol
alone or in
> combination against ischemia/reperfusion insult in rat brain.
>
>
> Aabdallah DM, Eid NI.
>
>
> Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
> University,
> Cairo, Egypt.
>
>
> A close correlation exists between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-
induced insult
> and the release of free radicals. Lecithin is a polyunsaturated
> phosphatidylcholine that corresponds to the phosphatidylcholine
molecule.
> Phosphatidylcholines are high-energy functional and structural
elements of all
> biologic membranes. alpha-Tocopherol is the major lipid-soluble
chain-breaking
> antioxidant in the body tissues and effectively protects against
neuronal
> damage. Therefore, we studied the effect of lecithin (300 mg/kg,
p.o., 14
> days)
> and alpha-tocopherol (200 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days), alone or in
combination, on
> the brain redox state during I/R. Adult male Wistar rats were
subjected to
> global ischemia by the occlusion of the two carotid arteries 24 h
after the
> last dose of drug administration. Reperfusion was carried out 1 h
after
> induction of ischemia and lasted for another hour. Brain lipid
peroxides (MDA)
> and glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as superoxide dismutase
(SOD) and
> catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. The results showed that
I/R elevated
> brain lipid peroxides content which was accompanied by a reduction
in both
> antioxidant enzyme activities, however, brain GSH level remained
unaltered.
> Lecithin, alpha-tocopherol and their combination restored MDA
content, as well
> as CAT activity with a slight tendency to normalize SOD activity.
We conclude
> that lecithin has a possible neuroprotective effect partly through
its
> antioxidant action which is comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol.
(c) 2004
> Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:273-278, 2004
Published
> online
> in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI
10.1002/jbt.20037.
>
>
> PMID: 15549708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
>
>
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> ------
> Who loves ya.
> Tom

I said that I had found flaxseed controlled severe inflamation in FSH
MD. Here are a few more benefits of it and what the medical research
says about it. If you read the conclusions in the last paragraph of
each abstract you will get the idea. These are from the US pubmed
site.

Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jul 1;70(1):133-40. Related Articles,
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
db=pubmed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=15259529> Links
<javascript:PopUpMenu2_Set(Menu15259529);>

Comment in:
Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jul 1;70(1):34-5. </entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15259519>

Omega-3 fatty acids.

Covington MB.

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Integrative
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21207, USA. mcovington@...

Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to significantly reduce the risk
for sudden death caused by cardiac arrhythmias and all-cause
mortality in patients with known coronary heart disease. Fatty fish,
such as salmon and tuna, and fish oil are rich sources of the omega-3
fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Flaxseed,
canola oil, and walnuts also are good dietary sources of omega-3
fatty acids. In addition to being antiarrhythmic, the omega-3 fatty
acids are antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory. In contrast, omega-6
fatty acids, which are present in most seeds, vegetable oils, and
meat, are prothrombotic and proinflammatory. Omega-3 fatty acids also
are used to treat hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and rheumatoid
arthritis. There are no significant drug interactions with omega-3
fatty acids. The American Heart Association recommends consumption of
two servings of fish per week for persons with no history of coronary
heart disease and at least one serving of fish daily for those with
known coronary heart disease. Approximately 1 g per day of
eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid is recommended for
cardioprotection. Higher dosages of omega-3 fatty acids are required
to reduce elevated triglyceride levels (2 to 4 g per day) and to
reduce morning stiffness and the number of tender joints in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis (at least 3 g per day). Modest decreases in
blood pressure occur with significantly higher dosages of omega-3
fatty acids.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 15259529 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2000 Nov;2(6):467-75. Related Articles,
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
db=pubmed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=11122780> Links
<javascript:PopUpMenu2_Set(Menu11122780);>
  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3188&uid=11122780&db=pubmed&url=http://www.current-
reports.com/1523-3804/2/467>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3188&uid=11122780&db=pubmed&url=http://www.current-
reports.com/1523-3804/2/467>
Functional foods and cardiovascular disease.

Hasler CM, Kundrat S, Wool D.

Functional Foods for Health Program, University of Illinois, 1302
West Pennsylvania Avenue, Room 103 Agricultural Bioprocess
Laboratory; M/C 640, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. c-hasler@...

Functional foods are foods that, by virtue of physiologically active
food components, provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Many
functional foods have been found to be potentially beneficial in the
prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause
of mortality in the United States. These foods include soybeans,
oats, psyllium, flaxseed, garlic, tea, fish, grapes, nuts, and stanol-
  and sterol ester enhanced margarine. When eaten in adequate amounts
on a consistent basis, these foods may aid in decreasing the risk of
cardiovascular disease by several potential mechanisms: lowering
blood lipid levels, improving arterial compliance, reducing low-
density lipoprotein oxidation, decreasing plaque formation,
scavenging free radicals, and inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 11122780 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):560S-569S. Related
Articles, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
db=pubmed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10479232> Links
<javascript:PopUpMenu2_Set(Menu10479232);>

Comment in:
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):523-4. </entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14985232>
  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=10479232&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10479232>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=10479232&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10479232>
Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease.

Simopoulos AP.

Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, DC 20009
cgnh@...

Human beings evolved consuming a diet that contained about equal
amounts of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids. Over the past 100-150 y
there has been an enormous increase in the consumption of n-6 fatty
acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from corn,
sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, cottonseed, and soybeans. Today, in
Western diets, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids ranges from
approximately 20-30:1 instead of the traditional range of 1-2:1.
Studies indicate that a high intake of n-6 fatty acids shifts the
physiologic state to one that is prothrombotic and proaggregatory,
characterized by increases in blood viscosity, vasospasm, and
vasoconstriction and decreases in bleeding time. n-3 Fatty acids,
however, have antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, antiarrhythmic,
hypolipidemic, and vasodilatory properties. These beneficial effects
of n-3 fatty acids have been shown in the secondary prevention of
coronary heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and, in some
patients with renal disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative
colitis, Crohn disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Most of the studies were carried out with fish oils [eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. However, alpha-linolenic
acid, found in green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, rapeseed, and
walnuts, desaturates and elongates in the human body to EPA and DHA
and by itself may have beneficial effects in health and in the
control of chronic diseases.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

Curr Med Chem. 2004 Jun;11(11):1451-60. Related Articles,
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Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices.

Lai PK, Roy J.

Department of Bioscience, Salem International University, Salem, West
Virginia 26426, USA. roy@...

Herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and
to treat ailments. Scientific evidence is accumulating that many of
these herbs and spices do have medicinal properties that alleviate
symptoms or prevent disease. A growing body of research has
demonstrated that the commonly used herbs and spices such as garlic,
black cumin, cloves, cinnamon, thyme, allspices, bay leaves, mustard,
and rosemary, possess antimicrobial properties that, in some cases,
can be used therapeutically. Other spices, such as saffron, a food
colorant; turmeric, a yellow colored spice; tea, either green or
black, and flaxseed do contain potent phytochemicals, including
carotenoids, curcumins, catechins, lignan respectively, which provide
significant protection against cancer. This review discusses recent
data on the antimicrobial and chemopreventive activities of some
herbs and spices and their ingredients.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
: Biomed Khim. 2004 Jan-Feb;50(1):25-43. Related Articles,
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[Biological activity of linseed oil as the source of omega-3 alpha-
linolenic acid]

[Article in Russian]

Ipatova OM, Prozorovskaia NN, Baranova VS, Guseva DA.

Orehovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of
Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya, 10, Moscow, 119121, Russia.

Flaxseed oil is the most abundant plant source of omega-3 fatty acid,
alpha-linolenic acid omega-3. This review focuses on the biological
effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) compared with long-
chain omega-3 derivatives. ALA is not equivalent in its biological
effects to the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids found in marine fish
oils. However, ALA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid, which may
replace arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipides. Ingestion of
flaxseed oil may alter the generation of eicosanoids, procoagulant
activity and other membrane-dependent responses and exert
antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, antiarrhythmic effects. Beneficial
effects of flaxseed oil have been shown in prevention and management
of cardiovascular disease.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 15108624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Diabetes Self Manag. 2003 Nov-Dec;20(6):18, 20-2. Related
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Flax facts. A grain for good health.

Campbell AP.

Office of Disease Management, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA.

PMID: 14971334 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Reprod Biomed Online. 2003 Oct-Nov;7(4):385-91. Related Articles,
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PrId=3152&uid=14656398&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ingentaselect.com/rpsv
/cgi-bin/cgi?body=linker&ini=nlm&reqidx=issn=1472-
6483vl=7is=4yr=2003mn=Octpg=385>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3152&uid=14656398&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ingentaselect.com/rpsv
/cgi-bin/cgi?body=linker&ini=nlm&reqidx=issn=1472-
6483vl=7is=4yr=2003mn=Octpg=385>
The role of food supplements in the treatment of the infertile man.

Comhaire FH, Mahmoud A.

Centre for Medical and Urological Andrology, Ghent University
Hospital, De Pintelaan, 185, B 9000 Gent, Belgium.
frank.comhaire@...

Recently, concerns have been raised about the presumptive increased
risk of serious undesirable side effects in children born after IVF
and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). These treatments must,
therefore, be reserved as the ultimate option after evidence-based
and cause-directed treatment of the male patient with deficient semen
has been exhausted. The present authors found that sperm quality and
function improved with the intake of complementary food
supplementation using a combination of zinc and folic acid, or the
antioxidant astaxanthin (Astacarox), or an energy-providing
combination containing (actyl)-carnitine (Proxeed). Also, double
blind trials showed that the latter two substances increase
spontaneous or intrauterine insemination- (IUI-) assisted conception
rates. Extracts of Pinus maritima bark (Pycnogenol), which inhibits
the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, reducing prostaglandin production and
inflammatory reaction, and extracts of the Peruvian plant Lepidium
meyenii were shown to improve sperm morphology and concentration,
respectively, in uncontrolled trials. Linseed (flaxseed) oil contains
alfa-linolenic acid and lignans. The former corrects the deficient
intake of omega-3 essential fatty acids, which is correlated with
impaired sperm motility among subfertile men. Lignans are precursors
of enterolacton, which inhibits aromatase and reduces the ratio of 16-
OH over 2-OH oestrogen metabolites. The resulting reduction in
oestrogen load may favourably influence Sertoli cell function.

PMID: 14656398 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Mayo Clin Womens Healthsource. 2001 Dec;5(12):8. Related
Articles, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
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One on one. What is flaxseed and what does it do?

[No authors listed]

PMID: 14639204 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Drug News Perspect. 2000 Mar;13(2):99-104. Related Articles,
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Flaxseed: a source of hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic agents.

Prasad K.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Recently there has been a moderate resurgence in the use of flaxseed
food. However, the scientific basis of the benefits of flaxseed
consumption and which components of flaxseed offer these beneficial
effects are not known. Flaxseed contains 32-45% of its mass as oil,
of which 51-55% is alpha-linolenic acid (n-3 fatty acids, omega-3
fatty acids). Flaxseed lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; SDG)
is isolated from defatted flaxseed. Flaxseed has been shown to have
variable effects on plasma lipids. Serum triglycerides (TG), total
cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have
been reported to be elevated, lowered or unchanged with flaxseed
consumption in rats. In humans, flaxseed lowers serum TC and LDL-C;
however, it has no effect on serum high-density lipoprotein-
cholesterol (HDL-C) and TG. Flaxseed oil also lowers TG and TC in
rats, but the effect is smaller than that of flaxseed. Flaxseed oil
in human subjects had no effect on serum TG, TC, LDL-C or HDL-C.
Flaxseed with very low alpha-linolenic acid reduced serum TC, LDL-C
and the risk ratio, elevated serum TG and very low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and had no effect on serum HDL. SDG
isolated from defatted flaxseed reduced serum TC, LDL-C and the
TC/HDL-C risk ratio. Serum levels of HDL-C, TG and VLDL-C remained
unchanged. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect
of flaxseed probably resides in the non-oily part and not in the
alpha-linolenic acid. Reductions in hypercholesterolemic
atherosclerosis by flaxseed, flaxseed with very low alpha-linolenic
acid and SDG were 46%, 69% and 73%, respectively. The antiatherogenic
effect of SDG could be due to its antioxidant activity and also its
lipid-lowering effect.

PMID: 12937636 [PubMed]
Arch Tierernahr. 2003 Apr;57(2):107-16. Related Articles,
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Effects of flaxseed supplementation on milk production, milk fatty
acid composition and nutrient utilization by lactating dairy cows.

Soita HW, Meier JA, Fehr M, Yu P, Christensen DA, McKinon JJ, Mustafa
AF.

Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. soita@...

Twelve multiparous Holstein cows at 72 +/- 20 days in milk were used
in a switch-back design with 14-d periods to determine the effect of
replacing barley grain into a dairy total mixed ration with
micronized or raw flaxseed on nutrient digestibility, milk yield,
milk composition. Total mixed diets were (DM basis) 50% barley
silage, 50% concentrate mix mainly rolled barley grain and canola
meal. Diets were supplemented with 1 kg raw (RF) or micronized (MF)
flaxseed to substitute 1 kg of rolled barley grain (C). Neutral
detergent fibre, ADF and CP digestibility of the diets were not
significantly affected by supplementation; however, calcium
digestibility was reduced by 62% and 46% when raw and micronized flax
were fed, respectively. Milk yield (38.3, 39.6, and 38.4 kg/d for
diets C, RF and MF, respectively) was similar for all diets. Milk fat
(3.50, 3.48, and 3.52%) and protein (3.31, 3.34, and 3.31%) for diets
C, RF and MF, respectively, were not affected by treatment diets.
Concentrations of c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0.51, 0.72
and 0.76 g/100 g fatty acids) in milk fat increased (P<0.05)
similarly among the two flaxseed supplemented diets. The RF and MF
diets significantly increased the C18:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2 cis-9,
cis-12 and C18:3 in milk fat however, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 were
significantly reduced compared with control. Replacing barley grain
with flaxseed in the diet of lactating cows increased the beneficial
fatty acids in milk without depressing nutrient digestibility.
Micronization of flaxseed did not reveal any advantage over raw
flaxseed.

PMID: 12866781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Med J Aust. 2002 Jun 3;176(11 Suppl):S118-9. Related Articles,
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es/176_11_030602/S118-S119.html>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3829&uid=12064973&db=pubmed&url=http://www.mja.com.au/public/issu
es/176_11_030602/S118-S119.html>
Adulthood - prevention: Cardiovascular disease.

Nestel PJ.

Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Baker Medical Research
Institute, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is positively linked with dietary
saturates and negatively linked with polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFAs). Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, such as in fish, appears
highly protective against CHD. PUFAs (linoleic acid or omega-6) lower
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels most, and saturates,
especially butter fat, raise LDL levels most. Fish oil fatty acids
(omega-3) lower triglyceride and raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol levels. A higher ratio of dietary omega-3 to omega-6
fatty acids than is currently consumed in our population may be
desirable, and can be achieved by increasing consumption of fish and
alpha-linolenic acid in canola, soy and flaxseed oils. Large
prospective trials show that people who experience least CHD have a
pattern of eating that is rich in fish, PUFAs, whole-grain cereals,
fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy foods, and low in saturates
from dairy fat, meat fat and fried foods.

PMID: 12064973 [PubMed - in process]
: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1527-32. Related
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PrId=3051&uid=11932276&db=pubmed&url=http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/
pmidlookup?view=full&pmid=11932276>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=11932276&db=pubmed&url=http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/
pmidlookup?view=full&pmid=11932276>
Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone
metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker
BJ, Arjmandi BH.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University,
Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.

The risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis drastically
increases at the onset of menopause. Phytoestrogens have been
suggested to inhibit bone loss and protect the cardiovascular system,
in part by improving lipid profiles. The purpose of the present study
was to examine the effects of flaxseed, a rich source of the
phytoestrogens called lignans, on lipid metabolism and biomarkers of
bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women who were
not on hormone replacement therapy were assigned to one of two
treatment groups in a double-blind randomized study. Women were asked
to consume 40 g of either ground flaxseed or wheat-based comparative
control regimen daily for 3 months. In addition, all subjects
received 1,000 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. Flaxseed
supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) both serum total cholesterol and
non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 6%, whereas the
comparative control regimen had no such effect. Flaxseed regimen
reduced serum levels of both low-density- and high-density-
lipoprotein cholesterol by 4.7% and triglyceride by 12.8%, albeit not
statistically significant. Serum apolipoprotein A-1 and
apolipoprotein B concentrations were significantly (P < 0.005)
reduced by 6 and 7.5%, respectively, by the flaxseed regimen. Markers
of bone formation and resorption were not affected by either of the
treatments. The findings of this study indicate that flaxseed
supplementation improves lipid profiles but has no effect on
biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial

PMID: 11932276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;70(3 Suppl):491S-499S. Related Articles,
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PrId=3051&uid=10479221&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10479221>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=10479221&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10479221>
Health-promoting properties of common herbs.

Craig WJ.

Department of Nutrition, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI
49104-0210, USA. wcraig@...

Herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes for
centuries. Research interest has focused on various herbs that
possess hypolipidemic, antiplatelet, antitumor, or immune-stimulating
properties that may be useful adjuncts in helping reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease and cancer. In different herbs, a wide variety
of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids,
lignans, sulfides, polyphenolics, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins,
plant sterols, curcumins, and phthalides have been identified.
Several of these phytochemicals either inhibit nitrosation or the
formation of DNA adducts or stimulate the activity of protective
enzymes such as the Phase II enzyme glutathione transferase (EC
2.5.1.18). Research has centered around the biochemical activity of
the Allium sp. and the Labiatae, Umbelliferae, and Zingiberaceae
families, as well as flaxseed, licorice root, and green tea. Many of
these herbs contain potent antioxidant compounds that provide
significant protection against chronic diseases. These compounds may
protect LDL cholesterol from oxidation, inhibit cyclooxygenase and
lipoxygenase enzymes, inhibit lipid peroxidation, or have antiviral
or antitumor activity. The volatile essential oils of commonly used
culinary herbs, spices, and herbal teas inhibit mevalonate synthesis
and thereby suppress cholesterol synthesis and tumor growth.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 10479221 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Dec;12(4):691-705.
	 Related Articles,
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Experimental studies on lignans and cancer.

Thompson LU.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Mammalian lignans are produced from plant precursors such as
secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) and matairesinol via the
action of bacteria in the human or animal colon. While precursors are
found in many plant foods, flaxseed is the richest source of SDG and
was therefore used as a model to determine the anti-cancer effects of
lignans. This paper reviews the experimental studies in animals and
humans demonstrating the anti-cancer effects of flaxseed and its SDG
as well as other studies relevant to the clinical use of lignans,
such as those on their food sources, bio-availability and safety.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 10384820 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Eur Urol. 1999;35(5-6):377-87. Related Articles,
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PrId=3030&uid=10325492&db=pubmed&url=http://content.karger.com/produkt
edb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=eur35377>
</entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3030&uid=10325492&db=pubmed&url=http://content.karger.com/produkt
edb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=eur35377>
Diet and its preventive role in prostatic disease.

Denis L, Morton MS, Griffiths K.

Oncology Centre, Antwerp, Belgium. louis.denis@...

Asian men have much lower incidences of prostate cancer and possibly
of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) than their Western
counterparts. Vegetarian men also have a lower incidence of prostate
cancer than omnivorous males. Both Asian and vegetarian men consume
low-fat, high-fibre diets which provide a rich supply of weak dietary
oestrogens. These plant or phyto-oestrogens have been proposed as
chemopreventive agents, particularly for Asian men and to a lesser
extent, for vegetarian men also. The three principal classes of phyto-
oestrogens are the isoflavonoids, flavonoids and lignans. Many foods
of plant origin contain varying amounts of these compounds and
hundreds of plants manifest some degree of oestrogenic activity.
Soya, a dietary staple in many parts of Asia, is a major source of
the isoflavonoids, daidzein and genistein. Flavonoids are present in
high concentration in many fruits, vegetables and crop species. In
particular, apigenin and kaempferol are regarded as major flavonoids
because of their common occurrence in plants, and their significant
concentrations when present. Apples, onions and tea-leaves are
excellent sources of flavonoids. Plant lignans are present in many
cereals, grains, fruits and vegetables, and give rise to the
mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone; however, the richest
source is linseed (flaxseed) and other oilseeds. In addition to their
oestrogenic activity, many of these plant compounds can interfere
with steroid metabolism and bioavailability, and also inhibit
enzymes, such as tyrosine kinase and topoisomerase, which are crucial
to cellular proliferation.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
Dietary flax seed in prevention of hypercholesterolemic
atherosclerosis.

Prasad K.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

Oxygen free radicals (OFRs) have been implicated in the development
of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. Flax seed is the richest
source of omega-3 fatty acid and lignans. omega-3 Fatty acid
suppresses the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and of OFRs by
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and monocytes. Lignans possess
anti-platelet activating factor (PAF) activity and are antioxidant.
PAF, IL-1, TNF and LTB4 are known to stimulate PMNLs to produce OFRs.
Flaxseed would, therefore, reduce the levels of OFRs and hence would
prevent the development of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The
effects of dietary flax seed on a high cholesterol diet induced
atherosclerosis, lipid profile and OFR-producing activity of PMNLs
(PMNL-CL) were investigated in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into
4 groups: group I, control; group II, flax seed diet (7.5 g/kg daily,
orally); group III, 1% cholesterol diet; and group IV, same as group
III but received flax seed (7.5 g/kg daily, orally). Blood samples
were collected before and after 4 and 8 weeks on their respective
diets for biochemical measurements and aortae were removed at the end
of 8 weeks for estimation of atherosclerotic changes. The high
cholesterol diet increased the serum level of total cholesterol (TC)
and PMNL-CL without altering the levels of serum triglycerides (TG).
These changes were associated with a marked development of
atherosclerosis in the aorta. Flax seed reduced the development of
aortic atherosclerosis by 46% and reduced the PMNL-CL without
significantly lowering the serum cholesterol. Flax seed in
normocholesterolemic rabbits increased serum total cholesterol and
decreased PMNL-CL without significantly affecting the serum TG.
Modest dietary flax seed supplementation is effective in reducing
hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis markedly without lowering serum
cholesterol. Its effectiveness against hypercholesterolemic
atherosclerosis could be due to suppression of enhanced production of
OFRs by PMNLs in hypercholesterolemia. Dietary flax seed
supplementation could, therefore, prevent hypercholesterolemia-
related heart attack and strokes.

PMID: 9247361 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:353-81. Related Articles,
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PrId=4487&uid=9240932&db=pubmed&url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.
nutr.17.1.353>
Dietary phytoestrogens.

Kurzer MS, Xu X.

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul 55108, USA.

Broadly defined, phytoestrogens include isoflavones, coumestans, and
lignans. A number of these compounds have been identified in fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains commonly consumed by humans. Soybeans,
clover and alfalfa sprouts, and oilseeds (such as flaxseed) are the
most significant dietary sources of isoflavones, coumestans, and
lignans, respectively. Studies in humans, animals, and cell culture
systems suggest that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in
prevention of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, and heart
disease. Proposed mechanisms include estrogenic and antiestrogenic
effects, induction of cancer cell differentiation, inhibition of
tyrosine kinase and DNA topoisomerase activities, suppression of
angiogenesis, and antioxidant effects. Although there currently are
no dietary recommendations for individual phytoestrogens, there may
be great benefit in increased consumption of plant foods.

Publication Types:
Review

PMID: 9240932 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Cancer Lett. 1992 Apr 15;63(2):159-65. Related Articles,
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Flaxseed supplementation and early markers of colon carcinogenesis.

Serraino M, Thompson LU.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.

Since flaxseed ingestion produces potentially anticarcinogenic
lignans in the colon, this study determined whether flaxseed
decreases the risk for colon carcinogenesis. Following a single
injection of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body wt.), five groups of male
Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (20% corn oil) basal diet
with or without supplementation with 5% or 10% flaxseed meal (FM) or
flaxseed flour (FF) for four weeks. Upon sacrifice, colons were
examined for aberrant morphology and cell proliferation. In the
descending colon of supplemented groups, the total number of aberrant
crypts and foci were significantly reduced by 41-53% and 48-57%,
respectively. The labeling index (LI) was also 10-22% lower in these
groups, except for the 5% FM group. While these effects are not
linearly related to the level of flaxseed fed, it suggests that
flaxseed feeding may reduce the risk for colon carcinogenesis.

PMID: 1314132 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]












--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, "wiggytweeks" <wiggytweeks@y...>
wrote:
>
> My wife had a familial not diet type of high cholesterol. I
suggested
> she start taking flax seed a few weeks ago. She went into the
doctor
> and said in front of me to the doctor that I though flax seed was a
> cure all.
>
> She was very surprised when the doctor said" It is very good. I
take
> it every morning on my cereal. My uncle thinks it is really helps
him
> too. He grows it for himself."
>
> I was a little astounded at this because this is the same doctor
that
> prescribed Altace for me to lower my blood pressure. The Altace
> brought it down by 5 or 10 points but gave me a dry cough.
>
> When I got on the flax my bp is now typically 112 over 70. My doc
is
> very pleased but he did not tell me to use flax although he uses it
> himself. It makes me wonder if they all don't get a kick back from
> the drug companies.
>
> I recommended flax to a neighbour who had high cholesterol. After 3
> months his doctor said he had never seen such good cholesterol
> readings and keep up doing whatever he was doing.
>
> The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several months
but
> the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two
in
> my experience.
>
> They feed it to laying hens to get low cholesterol eggs called
Omega-
> 3 eggs sold inthe supermarkets here.

My husband and I eat a low fat diet and used lecithin for years and
it did not improve our chlosterol.  I started eating peanut butter
sandwiches a few months ago for lunch, my last test improved
considerably. I preferred peanut butter and banana sandwich instead
of lunch meat.  Then in a old Readers Digest magazine I read
peanutbutter 2 tbls per day does lower chlosterol.  I just had
another test done will see what that says.
Arlene

In a message dated 12/30/2004 12:21:00 PM Mountain Standard Time,
wiggytweeks@... writes:

<< The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several months but
  the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two in
  my experience.  >>

It seems lecithin .. comparable TO flaxseed is ALSO getting the same results
.. but .. it seems .. much .. quicker ..


<<snip>>
after only 2 weeks, PI may have a comparable therapeutic value to niacin
<<snip>>

J Lipid Res. 2004 Dec 1; [Epub ahead of print] Related Articles, Links


Phosphatidylinositol raises HDL cholesterol levels in humans.


Burgess JW, Neville TA, Rouillard P, Harder Z, Beanlands DS, Sparks DL.


Studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol (PI) can stimulate reverse
cholesterol transport by enhancing the flux of cholesterol into HDL and by
promoting the transport of HDL-cholesterol to the liver and bile. The goal of
this study was to determine the safety and therapeutic value of PI following
oral administration to normolipidemic human subjects. We performed a
randomized
2 week study in 16 normolipidemic subjects. Subjects received either 2.8 g or
5.6 g of PI, with or without food. PI was well tolerated by all subjects. PI
significantly affected the levels of HDL-C and triglyceride in the plasma of
subjects receiving PI with food. The lower dose showed a 13% increase in
HDL-C,
while those on the high dose showed an increase of 18% over the 2 week period.
Both low and high dose groups showed significant elevations in plasma apoA-I.
The high dose of PI also decreased plasma triglycerides by 36% in the fed
subjects. The data suggest that after only 2 weeks, PI may have a comparable
therapeutic value to niacin, with negligible side effects.


PMID: 15576836 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------
------

J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004 Nov 17;18(5):273-278 [Epub ahead of print] Related
Articles, Links

Possible neuroprotective effects of lecithin and alpha-tocopherol alone or in
combination against ischemia/reperfusion insult in rat brain.


Aabdallah DM, Eid NI.


Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University,
Cairo, Egypt.


A close correlation exists between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced insult
and the release of free radicals. Lecithin is a polyunsaturated
phosphatidylcholine that corresponds to the phosphatidylcholine molecule.
Phosphatidylcholines are high-energy functional and structural elements of all
biologic membranes. alpha-Tocopherol is the major lipid-soluble chain-breaking
antioxidant in the body tissues and effectively protects against neuronal
damage. Therefore, we studied the effect of lecithin (300 mg/kg, p.o., 14
days)
and alpha-tocopherol (200 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days), alone or in combination, on
the brain redox state during I/R. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to
global ischemia by the occlusion of the two carotid arteries 24 h after the
last dose of drug administration. Reperfusion was carried out 1 h after
induction of ischemia and lasted for another hour. Brain lipid peroxides (MDA)
and glutathione (GSH) contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
catalase (CAT) activities were assessed. The results showed that I/R elevated
brain lipid peroxides content which was accompanied by a reduction in both
antioxidant enzyme activities, however, brain GSH level remained unaltered.
Lecithin, alpha-tocopherol and their combination restored MDA content, as well
as CAT activity with a slight tendency to normalize SOD activity. We conclude
that lecithin has a possible neuroprotective effect partly through its
antioxidant action which is comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol. (c) 2004
Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:273-278, 2004 Published
online
in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20037.


PMID: 15549708 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



--------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
Who loves ya.
Tom

My wife had a familial not diet type of high cholesterol. I suggested
she start taking flax seed a few weeks ago. She went into the doctor
and said in front of me to the doctor that I though flax seed was a
cure all.

She was very surprised when the doctor said" It is very good. I take
it every morning on my cereal. My uncle thinks it is really helps him
too. He grows it for himself."

I was a little astounded at this because this is the same doctor that
prescribed Altace for me to lower my blood pressure. The Altace
brought it down by 5 or 10 points but gave me a dry cough.

When I got on the flax my bp is now typically 112 over 70. My doc is
very pleased but he did not tell me to use flax although he uses it
himself. It makes me wonder if they all don't get a kick back from
the drug companies.

I recommended flax to a neighbour who had high cholesterol. After 3
months his doctor said he had never seen such good cholesterol
readings and keep up doing whatever he was doing.

The BP and cholesterol improvements with flax take several months but
the inflammation results are usually enjoyed within a week or two in
my experience.

They feed it to laying hens to get low cholesterol eggs called Omega-
3 eggs sold inthe supermarkets here.

I didn't think you would be so skeptical Arlene. I thought others
would be but not you. Flax has been eaten by humans for 5000 years,
likely forever. Read below. It works for inflammation. I have had men
write me saying that they were going to have to quit work due to the
pain of FSHmd because they could not sleep with it. After two weeks
of flax no more pain, no more problem sleeping. Buy it where you want
to. I am not selling anything just trying to help you.

The professor of neurolgy at the University was right if it is not a
DRUG with a high sounding name and cost people will not believe it
will work. This is something that is available at very little cost to
all of you if you have the wisdom to try it. I have done the work
personally to determine what dosage works for me. I have taken it for
4 years and it has benefited me more than anything the doctor has
ever prescribed in my lifetime to control the issues mentioned in my
first posting.

Read below
http://www.4besthealth.com/FlaxSeed5.htm
http://www.genericflaxseed.com/flax_history.htm
http://www.ameriflax.com/default.cfm?page=ffacts
http://www.bobsredmill.com/recipe/ingredient.php?pid=447
http://www.healthandage.com/
http://www.genericflaxseed.com/history.htm

1: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1 Suppl):343S-8S.Related Articles,
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
db=pubmed&cmd=Display&dopt=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=10617994> Links
<javascript:PopUpMenu2_Set(Menu10617994);>
</entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=10617994&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10617994>  </entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?
PrId=3051&uid=10617994&db=pubmed&url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/pmidlooku
p?view=full&pmid=10617994>
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediator
production.

James MJ, Gibson RA, Cleland LG.

Rheumatology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, and
the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Flinders Medical
Center, Bedford Park, Australia.

Many antiinflammatory pharmaceutical products inhibit the production
of certain eicosanoids and cytokines and it is here that
possibilities exist for therapies that incorporate n-3 and n-9
dietary fatty acids. The proinflammatory eicosanoids prostaglandin E
(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) are derived from the n-6
fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), which is maintained at high
cellular concentrations by the high n-6 and low n-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acid content of the modern Western diet. Flaxseed oil contains
the 18-carbon n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, which can be
converted after ingestion to the 20-carbon n-3 fatty acid
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Fish oils contain both 20- and 22-carbon
n-3 fatty acids, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid. EPA can act as a
competitive inhibitor of AA conversion to PGE(2) and LTB(4), and
decreased synthesis of one or both of these eicosanoids has been
observed after inclusion of flaxseed oil or fish oil in the diet.
Analogous to the effect of n-3 fatty acids, inclusion of the 20-
carbon n-9 fatty acid eicosatrienoic acid in the diet also results in
decreased synthesis of LTB(4). Regarding the proinflammatory
ctyokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta, studies
of healthy volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients have shown <
or = 90% inhibition of cytokine production after dietary
supplementation with fish oil. Use of flaxseed oil in domestic food
preparation also reduced production of these cytokines. Novel
antiinflammatory therapies can be developed that take advantage of
positive interactions between the dietary fats and existing or newly
developed pharmaceutical products.

Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial

PMID: 10617994 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Or you can take the flax seed  and forget the pharmaceutical products
and get relief from inflammation.




--- In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, "Arlene " <breezytimber@y...> wrote:
>
> I pulled up flaxseed in search, I searched for livestock flaxseed
> grain.  Funny I found a site on feeding it to goats, I raise dairy
> goats.  It mentions the ingredients in it, it shouldn't harm
humans,
> I know if you look for it as a supplement for humans all you get is
a
> lot of advertisements. Livestock do not always  have a good diet
like
> humans, we get most of what we need in a well balanced diet. On
> another site flaxseed  was recommended to fatten cattle. I do like
to
> take vitamins to be sure we are not lacking anything. It would not
> hurt to try flax, but buy it where it suits you. I don't think you
> will see much benefit, however you may get shinny hair, it gives
> goats a shinny coat. Compare prices, and don't go for the "ours is
> better".
> http://www.boer-show-goats-com/flaxseed_3.htm
> This site will show the ingredients.  Which are good, but we get
them
> in other foods already. I found out about glucosamine from the
> Baltimore Zoo, I donate goats to them when needed, one injured her
> hip and they gave her gloucosamine.  When my arthritis began to get
> bad, I called and asked what they gave the goat and have been using
> it ever since.  It does help. There are a difference in brands in
> meds and herbs.  Mike can only take the white prednisone tablets
the
> pink tablets have the effect of a diuretic (maybe its the pink
dye).
> Some brands of glucosamine work better than others.  It takes
several
> months for glucosamine to work.
> Arlene

Hi all,

Please consider making a personal donation to help the many thousands
of victims of the terrible tragedy over in Asia, many of which are
children.  In some areas half of the regular population is 18 and
under.

Every day it seems the situation is worse and worse!  Most of us can't
do very much but one thing we ALL can do is help out in a small
financial way. Especially in this season when we are still in the
spirit of giving.

http://www.savethechildren.org

Below is a direct link to the Asian earthquake donation area:

http://tinyurl.com/5qsw6

Most of us wonder why these terrible events happen, its so hard to
understand, but the one thing it can do is teach us to be more caring
to those in dire need!  Let's spread this email of compassion across
the Internet like a giant tidal wave of HOPE!

This is great info Arlene, I do need my hair to shine more.  Hahaha.

But when ever we read that a supplement, drug, or vitamin is been found
safe, it is for normal, relative healthy people.  Unless it has been
evaluated in kids with DMD, I would be very careful.

Adele

-----Original Message-----
From: Arlene [mailto:breezytimber@...]
Sent: Wednesday, December 29, 2004 7:31 PM
To: MD-List@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [MD-List] checked flaxseed in search



I pulled up flaxseed in search, I searched for livestock flaxseed
grain.  Funny I found a site on feeding it to goats, I raise dairy
goats.  It mentions the ingredients in it, it shouldn't harm humans,
I know if you look for it as a supplement for humans all you get is a
lot of advertisements. Livestock do not always  have a good diet like
humans, we get most of what we need in a well balanced diet. On
another site flaxseed  was recommended to fatten cattle. I do like to
take vitamins to be sure we are not lacking anything. It would not
hurt to try flax, but buy it where it suits you. I don't think you
will see much benefit, however you may get shinny hair, it gives
goats a shinny coat. Compare prices, and don't go for the "ours is
better".
http://www.boer-show-goats-com/flaxseed_3.htm
This site will show the ingredients.  Which are good, but we get them
in other foods already. I found out about glucosamine from the
Baltimore Zoo, I donate goats to them when needed, one injured her
hip and they gave her gloucosamine.  When my arthritis began to get
bad, I called and asked what they gave the goat and have been using
it ever since.  It does help. There are a difference in brands in
meds and herbs.  Mike can only take the white prednisone tablets the
pink tablets have the effect of a diuretic (maybe its the pink dye).
Some brands of glucosamine work better than others.  It takes several
months for glucosamine to work.
Arlene







Yahoo! Groups Links

As you may not know, PPMD recently contributed $1 Million to PTC, a
pharmaceutical company that is testing drugs today that may treat our kids today
or in the near future.  My kids (ages 21 and 27) were at the most recent PPMD
conference and were filled with hope for themselves as well as for the yet
unborn with DMD.

They got to hear what researchers are doing for them, how they are "real" people
with real concerns and interest in helping kids of today as well as those of
tomorrow.  Our family lives with hope, and yet go on with our daily lives as
best we can.  Both kids are in college--the 27-year-old pursuing a doctorate
degree and the 21-year-old studying music and economics in his third year in
college.  They each have personal care workers who help them with meals,
dressing, and using the bathroom plus providing ROM.

Andrea

-----Original Message-----
From: apelofsky [mailto:apelofsky@...]
Sent: Mon 12/27/2004 1:55 PM
To: MD-List@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [MD-List] Why?



I wish someone would explain to me why the long suffering and hard
working families and friends of today's sick kids are funding (by
donations) research sponsored by MDA and PPMD that MIGHT benefit the
sick kids of tomorrow. Please tell me why we need to worry about the
kids that have yet to be born?

How does this kind of research help our kids?

Arnold







Yahoo! Groups Links

Arnold,

I think you're wrong in saying that there won't be any children with MD due to
genetic counseling.  With many of the cases of MD being the first known in a
family,  I think there will be many kids born with MD, regardless of the
research.  That means that there will still be kids needing the results of
research to make their lives longer and better.


Andrea

-----Original Message-----
From: apelofsky [mailto:apelofsky@...]
Sent: Tue 12/28/2004 6:59 AM
To: MD-List@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [MD-List] Re: Why?



This is what makes the research so very sad. It turns out that
through genetic counseling, the number of children diagnosed with
muscular dystrophy is decreasing. So money is being donated to
research that when the research finally becomes accepted it likely
as not won't have any kids that would be candidates for it.

What a World!
Arnold







Yahoo! Groups Links

I pulled up flaxseed in search, I searched for livestock flaxseed
grain.  Funny I found a site on feeding it to goats, I raise dairy
goats.  It mentions the ingredients in it, it shouldn't harm humans,
I know if you look for it as a supplement for humans all you get is a
lot of advertisements. Livestock do not always  have a good diet like
humans, we get most of what we need in a well balanced diet. On
another site flaxseed  was recommended to fatten cattle. I do like to
take vitamins to be sure we are not lacking anything. It would not
hurt to try flax, but buy it where it suits you. I don't think you
will see much benefit, however you may get shinny hair, it gives
goats a shinny coat. Compare prices, and don't go for the "ours is
better".
http://www.boer-show-goats-com/flaxseed_3.htm
This site will show the ingredients.  Which are good, but we get them
in other foods already. I found out about glucosamine from the
Baltimore Zoo, I donate goats to them when needed, one injured her
hip and they gave her gloucosamine.  When my arthritis began to get
bad, I called and asked what they gave the goat and have been using
it ever since.  It does help. There are a difference in brands in
meds and herbs.  Mike can only take the white prednisone tablets the
pink tablets have the effect of a diuretic (maybe its the pink dye).
Some brands of glucosamine work better than others.  It takes several
months for glucosamine to work.
Arlene

Adele,
I agree with you about the meds.  Many of these plants are not
tested.  I do know that flax seed has probably been used in livestock
feed. Probably wouldn't hurt you. I find to much spam going on this
list. It is one thing to recommend meds, herbs, or plants when you or
your source does not profit by it.  You can get flax from the health
food stores, and then we will get a relpy like a few weeks ago, what
this person recommends, it a special brand, or I believe it was
something about pamphlets recommending companies that the ingredients
are tested.  That is spam.  Flax seed is flax seed, yes, like any
plant  it can be tested to be sure the amount of the beneficial
ingredient in the plant is the recommended amount. Once something is
recommended that should be sufficient. Going any further is spam. I
raise livestock and the small amount of flax in 1  tablet could not
be enough to do much.  I will have to call my livestock grain store
and ask about flaxseed.
Arlene

    In MD-List@yahoogroups.com, "Adele" <jasona65@c...> wrote:
> I just wanted to remind all that drugs needs to be completely
investigated
> before they are prescribed for our kids.  Just looks at the Vioxx
thing.
> Vioxx has been shown to cause heart failure.  This is after a
reasonably
> time of check to see if this drug is safe for the "general"
public.  Our
> kids are not the general public!  After respiratory failure, heart
failure
> is the biggest killer of our sons.  Taking a medication that
increases the
> risk of heart failure in normal people is a death sentence for our
guys.
> Jason was taking Vioxx for his arthritis pain.  I took him off it
way back
> in April.  Now the doctor wanted to give him Celebrex, I never
filled the
> Rx.  See what that drug company is saying about it.  Now Aleve is
saying
> that there are similar concerns taking that drug.
>
> How long is the process in getting a drug to market is probably no
long
> enough if this three drugs have been given to people for the past 4-
5 years.
>
> In a news story last week, a representative from the makers of
Celebrix said
> that "their responsibility is to their share holders."  If they are
making
> that type of statement, how much do you really trust them?  I
thought that
> the finding and manufacturing drugs was to HELP and Cure people,
not make
> your share holders rich.
>
> I want something now to help my son, he's now almost 20.  I don't
know how
> much time we have, but I won't give him anything until I am assured
that it
> won't kill him!
>
> When Jason was first dx, they had just announced that the gene that
causes
> DMD had been isolated and that a treatment and cure wasn't long to
follow.
> That was 16 years ago.  I'm tired of the wait and the promises, but
I'll
> wait to assure that anything given to him isn't dangerous.
>
> Adele
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: apelofsky [mailto:apelofsky@y...]
> Sent: Sunday, December 26, 2004 9:33 AM
> To: MD-List@yahoogroups.com
> Subject: [MD-List] Inflammation and DMD
>
>
>
> Previously I asked, through this message board, how long is it
going
> to take for the funding agencies to seriously fund the treatment of
> DMD kids with anti-inflammatories such as Enbrel and/or Remicade
> and/or Humira and/or tamoxifen. Enbrel, for instance, has been used
> to treat kids with Juvenile Rhuematoid Arthritis for several years
> and its effectiveness is measured by using a simple blood test
> monitoring the level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) as well as noting
> the clinical observations such as pain and swelling. The lower the
> level of this protein in the blood the lower the inflammation in
the
> body. There seems to be little doubt that this drug has minimal to
> no adverse side effects in children since it is FDA approved for
> kids and no parent seems to be suing Amgen and Wyeth who sell this
> drug.
>
> We got a reply, on this board, from Dr. Hesterlee (R&D Director of
> MDA) telling us that they are "investigating." To save today's
> generation they must soon stop investigating and start funding. To
> help them along the way I post the following papers in an attempt
to
> persuade them to fund IMMEDIATELY:
>
> http://www.distrofiamuscular.net/tamoxifen.htm
>
> Resolution of skeletal muscle inflammation in mdx dystrophic mouse
> is accompanied by increased immunoglobulin and interferon-gamma
> production.
>
> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
> cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12383191
>
> Gender dimorphism influences extracellular matrix expression and
> regeneration of muscular tissue in mdx dystrophic mice
>
> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
> cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15452719
>
> Expression of extracellular matrix ligands and receptors in the
> muscular tissue and draining lymph nodes of mdx dystrophic mice
>
> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
> cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10527690
>
> Increased deposition of extracellular matrix components in the
> thymus gland of MDX mouse: correlation with the muscular lesion
>
> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
> cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7797624
>
> Happy Holidays
> Arnold
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links

Brian, Thanks for posting this information.

  attended last year. But only did one day.  THe year before, I only did the
reception.  This year, I plan on doing the whole three days.

All the brains in the world can not find a cure to DMD without the financial
support.  THe cost of a phase III clinical is in the MILLIONS of dollars.  A
phase III is the last in a long line of studies to see if a drug or
treatment works.  Before that, millions are needed to get that far.
Millions of dollare are spent on many different diseases.  WE need to let
our elevted officials Know how this terrible disease effects us, our
children, out community and out states.  The only want that they will know
is if we tell them.

THe more people for each district, county and state show up for this
confrence, the louder our voice is.

The people at PPMD have this confrence well planned out.  We just have to
let them know that we are comming and they do all the rest of the work.  You
go and meet with each of your states Senators and your congressman and let
your story.  THis is so important.

I hope to see many of you in DC in March.

Adele. mom to Jason, almost 20 w/DMD living in Maryland, about 40 minutes
from DC. ( if you need a cheap place to stay to attend, I got room)
----- Original Message -----
From: "adenger" <denger2@...>
To: <MD-List@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, December 29, 2004 11:59 AM
Subject: [MD-List] Legislative Conference


>
>
> Greetings and Happy New Year,
>
> Parent Project MD announced dates and specifics for the Annual
> Legislative Conference to be held March 6-8.  This is a very important
> event for those wanting to impact funding in research for DMD at the
> National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and
> Prevention and other related agencies.  Families meet with Members of
> Congress and their staff to discuss the importance of continued and
> expanded federal support for this research.  This is a well organized
> event and the opportunity to make a difference is great.  By telling
> your family's story you can convince your Members of Congress to
> support PPMD's legislative goals.  Please consider attending this
> conference and help support those committed to improving the lives of
> those affected by DMD.  For more information go to the Parent Project
> MD web site or:
> http://www.parentprojectmd.org/news/latest/leg_conf041228.shtml
>
> Brian Denger
> Maine
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Yahoo! Groups Links
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>