KAISER DAILY HIV/AIDS REPORT
A service of kaisernetwork.org
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/hiv

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*** MEDIA TELECONFERENCE: IAS Paris Conference***
Leading HIV/AIDS researchers answer reporters’
questions at a media teleconference in anticipation
of the International AIDS Society Conference, being
held in Paris, France from July 13 - July 16, 2003.
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/healthcast/ias/02jul03
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
________________________________________



Tuesday, July 8, 2003

POLITICS AND POLICY
========================================
1. Bush Arrives in Senegal on First Leg of Africa Tour; AIDS 'High on
Agenda'


PUBLIC HEALTH & EDUCATION
========================================
2. Organizations Trying To Raise Awareness of HIV/AIDS Among People Over
Age 50


ACROSS THE NATION
========================================
3. Six Percent of Ohio Prison Inmates Test Positive for Hepatitis C


GLOBAL CHALLENGES
========================================
4. New kaisernetwork.org Feature Examines AIDS in India

5. HIV-Positive Villagers Claim Chinese Police Attacked, Arrested Them
Because of Their Protests for Treatment

6. Caribbean Leaders Call AIDS 'Single Biggest Threat' to Development,
Announce Push for Low-Cost Antiretrovirals


MEDIA & SOCIETY
========================================
7. San Francisco Chronicle Profiles amfAR Hero Award Winner


OPINION
========================================
8. Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report Summarizes Editorials Regarding Bush's Trip
to Africa

****************************************

POLITICS AND POLICY


1. Bush Arrives in Senegal on First Leg of Africa Tour; AIDS 'High on
Agenda'

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18666

President Bush arrived in Senegal today, marking the beginning of his
five-day, five-country trip to Africa, during which the AIDS epidemic will
be "[h]igh on the president's agenda," the Christian Science Monitor
reports (Itano, Christian Science Monitor, 7/8). Bush is scheduled to
visit Senegal, South Africa, Botswana, Uganda and Nigeria through July 12.
During the trip, the president is expected to promote several initiatives
that focus on Africa, including his five-year, $15 billion AIDS initiative
(HR 1298), which he signed into law in May. The global AIDS initiative
seeks to prevent seven million new HIV infections, provide care for 10
million people living with the disease and provide treatment to two million
HIV-positive people. Bush is also expected to discuss the Millennium
Challenge Account, which calls for increasing aid to developing countries
in exchange for a range of political and economic reforms (Kaiser Daily
HIV/AIDS Report, 7/7). Senegal, along with Uganda and Botswana, are likely
to be used as "models and examples" for the AIDS initiative, the Monitor
reports. Senegal has a 1.4% HIV prevalence rate -- the lowest on the
continent -- because the country was one of the first in Africa to
"aggressively combat" the disease by utilizing a multipronged approach,
including targeting sex workers with HIV/AIDS prevention information and
urging young people to delay sexual intercourse, according to the Monitor.
In addition, Uganda was one of the first countries on the continent to
reduce the number of new HIV infections, and Botswana -- which currently
has the highest HIV prevalence in Africa -- is the first country to
institute an antiretroviral drug program that provides the medications for
free (Christian Science Monitor, 7/8).

Next to South Africa


Bush is set to depart for South Africa late tonight (Superville, AP/Yahoo!
News, 7/8). He is scheduled to deliver a speech about AIDS there tomorrow,
which some consider a "slight" aimed at President Thabo Mbeki, who has
"minimize[d] the seriousness of the threat" posed by HIV/AIDS, the
Washington Post reports (Milbank, Washington Post, 7/8). Mbeki's
administration has faced criticism from people inside and outside of South
Africa for its lack of action in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Although
Mbeki has rescinded previous comments he made stating that HIV does not
cause AIDS, advocates continue to question his position on the disease
(Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, 12/18/02).

Botswana on Thursday


Bush on Thursday is scheduled to visit Botswana, which is "waging the most
comprehensive assault on AIDS" in the world, according to the Philadelphia
Inquirer. The country has received grants for its universal access
antiretroviral drug program totaling more than $100 million over five years
from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and drug maker Merck, and the
Harvard AIDS Institute has built a $4.5 million AIDS research laboratory
and is training health care workers to address the epidemic. Howard Moffat,
the superintendent of Princess Marina Hospital in Botswana, said, "In a
way, we are in the most favorable condition to succeed. We have a large
responsibility to make sure this doesn't fail" (Raghavan, Philadelphia
Inquirer, 7/8). Botswana's antiretroviral program underscores the
importance of treatment in the African epidemic. U.N. Special Envoy for
HIV/AIDS in Africa Stephen Lewis said, "You can't avoid the issue of
treatment anymore. There are 30 million infected people and a minimum of
six million who would qualify for treatment. What we've also discovered is
that treatment not only keeps people alive, it restores hope" (Christian
Science Monitor, 7/8).

Funding the Initiative


Some advocates are concerned that "despite many pledges of help," Bush is
bringing "few, if any 'deliverables'" to the continent, as Congress has yet
to appropriate any funding for the global AIDS initiative, the Los Angeles
Times reports. Pauline Baker, president of Fund for Peace, said, "If you
listen to Bush, we have billions already in the pipeline. But in fact,
there are a lot of reservations on Capital Hill about authorizing all these
funds" (Wright/Chen, Los Angeles Times, 7/8). Paul Zeitz, executive
director of the Global AIDS Alliance, said, "They're phasing the money in
very slowly," adding, "There are 25 million people who have already died,
three million dying each year, and 8,000 a day. You don't go slow. We're
already way behind on this" (Christian Science Monitor, 7/8). Jose Zuniga,
president and CEO of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS
Care, said, "It is deeply discouraging ... that actual actions might fall
short of commitments. The president and Congress have accepted political
accolades for a job well done. It is clearly not time yet to celebrate,
however, when the risk of inadequate funding for this legislative promise
is so great" (IAPAC release, 7/7). Speaking at a press conference
yesterday, Irish rock star and AIDS advocate Bono said, "I'm telling you,
if President Bush delivers on his one-two punch, the Millennium Challenge
Account, $10 billion over three years; this AIDS initiative, $15 billion
over five years ... I am ready to trumpet that and give him the applause he
deserves," adding, "I'll tell you there will be very few things he will do
in his tenure as president of the United States that will impact more
lives" (Washington Times, 7/8). Bono, who founded the not-for-profit group
DATA, said, "It's not the check-signing that impresses, it's the check
cashed" (Bonfield, Cincinnati Enquirer, 7/8).

Letter to Bush Outlines 'Specific Steps'


A group of 31 African physicians and nurses, joined by 63 U.S. colleagues
and 12 international health professionals from 11 countries, yesterday sent
a letter to Bush calling on him to "take specific steps to combat the
global HIV/AIDS epidemic." The letter, coordinated by Physicians for Human
Rights' Health Action AIDS project, calls for Congress to appropriate at
least $3 billion for HIV/AIDS for fiscal year 2004 and "for the
administration to live up to its commitment" of treating two million people
living with HIV/AIDS by 2006 and preventing seven million new HIV
infections. The letter concludes, "[S]ee people with HIV/AIDS as we see
them. We hope that you will see the whole person, a person whose needs
extend far beyond the narrow scope of antiretroviral medications and HIV
prevention messages, a person who also needs the fulfillment of basic human
rights, including clean water and basic sanitation, adequate nutrition, and
poverty alleviation, health and education -- hope for the future." The
signatories include Dr. Allan Rosenfield, of Columbia University's Mailman
School of Public Health; Karen Ivantic-Doucette of Marquette University
College of Nursing who is also a member of the Presidential Advisory
Council on HIV/AIDS; Dr. Joia Mukherjee, medical director of Partners In
Health and director of Zanmi Lasante's HIV Equity Initiative; Dr. Paul
Volberding, professor and vice chair of medicine at the University of
California-San Francisco and codirector of the USCF-GIVI Center for AIDS
Research; Dr. Eric Goosby, CEO of Pangaea Global AIDS Foundation; and
former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop (Health Action AIDS release, 7/7).

Media Coverage


The following broadcast programs reported on Bush's trip to Africa:

* NBC's "Nightly News": The program reports that Bush will promote AIDS
success stories. The segment includes comments from National Institute of
Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Dr. Anthony Fauci (Gregory,
"Nightly News," NBC, 7/7). The segment is available online in WindowsMedia.

* NPR's "All Things Considered": The program included a segment on Uganda,
one of the countries Bush is scheduled to visit and "the only country on
the continent that has drmatically slashed its rate of HIV infection." The
segment includes comments from Dr. Alex Coutinho, executive director of the
AIDS group TASO, and Ruben del Prado of the United Nations AIDS Office in
Uganda (Beaubien, "All Things Considered," NPR, 7/7). The segment is
available online in RealPlayer.

* NPR's "Morning Edition": The program reported that Bush's agenda will
allow the president to speak about initiatives at each stop, including
HIV/AIDS in Botswana (Edwards, "Morning Edition," NPR, 7/8). This segment
is available online in RealPlayer. The program also included a segment on
past U.S. presidential involvement in Africa and Bush's interest in AIDS.
Bob Edwards interviews Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at
Columbia University (Edwards, "Morning Edition," NPR, 7/8). This segment
is available online in RealPlayer.

* ABCNews' "World News Tonight": The program reports that part of Bush's
motivation for the $15 billion AIDS initiative is his Christian faith. The
segment includes comments by Bush, National Security Adviser Condoleeza
Rice and World Vision President Richard Stearns (Cochran, "World News
Tonight," ABCNews, 7/7). The segment is available online in RealPlayer.

PUBLIC HEALTH & EDUCATION


2. Organizations Trying To Raise Awareness of HIV/AIDS Among People Over
Age 50

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18667

A small group of organizations around the country are trying to raise
HIV/AIDS awareness among people over age 50 because "[s]exual desire and
activity do not end with a membership in AARP," the New York Times reports.
From 1990 to 2001, the last year for which complete data are available, the
number of AIDS cases among people over age 50 increased more than fivefold,
from 16,288 cases to 90,513 cases. Some experts are worried that the
number of new HIV infections in the aging population might be worse than
the statistics show. Older people, many of whom were monogomous or married
throughout the 1980s and 1990s, may be unaware of how HIV is transmitted,
may not see a need to use a condom because of a perception that it is
useful only as contraception, or may be reluctant to initiate a
conversation about sexually transmitted diseases with a potential sexual
partner. In addition, older women may be more vulnerable to HIV infection
because of physical changes that accompany menopause, such as vaginal
dryness and the thinning of the vaginal walls, both of which can increase
the risk of abrasions during sex that can facilitate HIV and STD
transmission. Finally, older people may go for years without realizing
they have HIV infection because many of the symptoms of the disease mimic
symptoms related to aging, such as side effects from menopause, diabetes or
Alzheimer's. Therefore, physicians may not think to ask aging people about
their sexual habits or administer an HIV test (Villarosa, New York Times,
7/8).

ACROSS THE NATION


3. Six Percent of Ohio Prison Inmates Test Positive for Hepatitis C

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18668

According to Ohio prison statistics, 2,597 inmates in the state have
hepatitis C infection, but based on national estimates from the CDC, the
actual number could be closer to 20% of the state's 45,216 inmates, the
Columbus Dispatch reports. Only 16 of the 2,597 Ohio inmates with
hepatitis C receive treatment, which can cost up to $25,000 per person each
year. In accordance with CDC recommendations, Ohio prisons conduct
hepatitis C testing only for inmates who report risk factors, such as a
history of injection drug use, or for inmates who specifically request the
test. Reginald Wilkinson, Ohio's director of prisons, said that he expects
the number of inmates with hepatitis C and the cost of treating them will
increase "dramatically" in the future. Hepatitis C testing and treatment
will cost Ohio $3.9 million this year, a little more than 3% of the total
systemwide medical budget of $118.4 million. Paul Eyre of CURE, an inmate
advocacy group, said that hepatitis C is becoming an increasing problem for
former prisoners and their families, according to the Dispatch. He added,
"They need to test everybody. They need to treat it because these people
are coming out infected. That's a public-health issue" (Johnson, Columbus
Dispatch, 7/6).

GLOBAL CHALLENGES


4. New kaisernetwork.org Feature Examines AIDS in India

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18669

Aided by grants from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, India seems to be "gearing
up" to overcome its "slow start" to confronting the AIDS epidemic,
according to a new kaisernetwork.org video feature, one in a series of
spotlights on local efforts around the world to combat the HIV/AIDS
epidemic. The country officially has four million HIV-positive people, but
some AIDS experts predict that the actual number could be as high as 10
million. The National Intelligence Council has predicted that the number
of HIV-positive Indians could reach 20 million in the next seven years (de
Sam Lazaro, kaisernetwork.org, 7/8). CDC Director Julie Gerberding on
Thursday at a briefing in Singapore said that India will face an AIDS
"catastrophe" unless additional efforts to stem the spread of HIV are
developed. "[I]n some countries, like Cambodia and China and India, the
public health measures have yet to take hold," Gerberding said. She added
that the epidemic "is really in that phase of scaling up very, very
quickly" (Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, 7/3).

A New Path


India has recently "turned a corner" in the fight against HIV/AIDS,
according to Meenakshi Datta Ghosh, head of the government's AIDS program.
However, the country's response to AIDS has been hampered by social
conditions and class consciousness. "Most of the people think this disease
is a disease of prostitutes and truck drivers, so it can't happen to me and
that is one major reason why I think infections are spreading," Dr. Suniti
Solomon, who in 1986 diagnosed the first AIDS case in India, said, adding,
"I think the people who are most affected in India today are the women.
Eighty percent of the women who come to us who are infected have a single
partner and that's their husband." The government is compiling HIV/AIDS
statistics and working with nongovernmental organizations and the private
sector to use a recent Global Fund grant to develop pilot projects to
prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission and distribute antiretroviral
drugs. In addition, a new weekly television series, called "Detective
Vijay," integrates HIV/AIDS prevention messages into its storylines. The
show is popular in northern India, where HIV prevalence is still low
(kaisernetwork.org, 7/8). The video -- prepared for kaisernetwork.org by
Fred de Sam Lazaro, who is a correspondent for the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer
-- is available online, along with additional information and resources
about India.

5. HIV-Positive Villagers Claim Chinese Police Attacked, Arrested Them
Because of Their Protests for Treatment

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18670

Hundreds of policemen on June 22 raided the "AIDS-afflicted" Chinese
village of Xiongqiao in rural Henan province, "rampaging through homes,
beating residents and arresting 13 people" in what villagers said is a
response to recent protests calling for better access to medical care,
including HIV/AIDS treatment, the New York Times reports. Experts estimate
that there may be as many as one million HIV-positive people in Henan,
nearly all of whom contracted the virus through the government-sponsored
blood trade, and about one-third of Xiongqiao's approximately 600 residents
are HIV-positive (Buckley, New York Times, 7/8). County police confirmed
the raid and said they had arrested 16 people on charges of robbery and
"attacking government offices." They said that seven of the 16 people are
HIV-positive. Villagers said that the raid was in response to protests
earlier that month, in which as many as 200 villagers went to government
offices demanding medical coupons for treatment and the construction of a
hospital for which higher level government officials were rumored to have
already allotted money, according to Agence France-Presse (Agence
France-Presse, 7/5).

Call for Release of Arrested


The Philadelphia-based AIDS Policy Project today released a statement
demanding the immediate and unconditional release of the prisoners,
universal access to antiretroviral drugs in the area, AIDS education
programs, care and education for AIDS orphans, disclosure of accurate AIDS
statistics and the suspension of foreign investment until such conditions
are met. "This raid was meant to send a message to people with AIDS in
China. Instead, it's sending a message to the world: China is still
mismanaging its AIDS epidemic. ... China's economic progress is a house of
cards until it learns to deal with AIDS with prevention information and
treatment, not beatings," Kate Krauss, director of the AIDS Policy Project,
said (AIDS Policy Project release, 7/8). According to the Chinese
government, one million people in the country are HIV-positive; however,
the United Nations estimates that there are approximately six million
HIV-positive individuals in China and warns that 10 million Chinese could
be HIV-positive by 2010 (Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report, 3/11).

6. Caribbean Leaders Call AIDS 'Single Biggest Threat' to Development,
Announce Push for Low-Cost Antiretrovirals

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18671

Caribbean leaders on Saturday at a Caribbean Community summit announced
plans for "another push" for low-cost antiretroviral drugs, calling AIDS
the "single biggest threat to the region's development," the Associated
Press reports. The Caribbean has the highest HIV prevalence after
sub-Saharan Africa. Officials are currently conducting a study into the
economic impact of the disease on the region. St. Kitts and Nevis Prime
Minister Denzil Douglas, head of health issues for CARICOM, said that the
disease threatens to cripple the labor force as the region seeks to enter
into increased competition in world markets. While negotiations with
pharmaceutical companies have succeeded in lowering antiretroviral drug
prices by more than 80%, many HIV-positive people still cannot afford the
drugs, and officials plan to lobby for additional discounts (Jacobs,
Associated Press, 7/5). The William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation
last month announced plans to treat at least 700,000 AIDS patients in
Africa and the Caribbean over the next five years, and the foundation in
April organized discussions among CARICOM and several pharmaceutical
companies to negotiate reduced-cost antiretroviral drugs for people in the
region who are living with HIV/AIDS. The price of combination
antiretroviral treatment is now $800 per person per year in the region,
down from last year's annual price of $1,000 per person (Kaiser Daily
HIV/AIDS Report, 6/17).

'Widening the Net'


The leaders are also considering an offer from Cuban President Fidel Castro
to send Cuban doctors and nurses to provide care for AIDS patients in
countries that lack adequate health care. CARICOM plans to seek aid from
the United Nations and other groups to "widen the net" of aid proposed in
Bush's global AIDS initiative, which could provide $15 billion over five
years to fight AIDS in African nations and in Haiti and Guyana. In
addition, with the help of a $500,000 World Health Organization grant,
CARICOM plans to set up an HIV/AIDS commission in Georgetown, Guyana
(Associated Press, 7/5).

MEDIA & SOCIETY


7. San Francisco Chronicle Profiles amfAR Hero Award Winner

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18672

The San Francisco Chronicle on Sunday profiled Tim Hanlon, head of the
Wells Fargo Foundation and recipient of the 2002 American Foundation for
AIDS Research Hero Award. The Wells Fargo Foundation grants $82 million
annually to 12,000 not-for-profit groups throughout the country, including
human services groups addressing HIV/AIDS. In the 12 years that Hanlon has
been president of the foundation, he has awarded $12 million to HIV/AIDS
organizations (Ganahl, San Francisco Chronicle, 7/6). The complete article
is available online.

OPINION


8. Kaiser Daily HIV/AIDS Report Summarizes Editorials Regarding Bush's Trip
to Africa

Access this story and related links online:
http://www.kaisernetwork.org/daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=18673

Several newspapers have recently published editorials discussing their
views regarding President Bush's trip to Africa this week. The following is
a summary of some of the editorials:

* Austin American-Statesman: Bush on his tour of Africa will promote his
fight against poverty and AIDS, issues that could threaten the stability of
a region whose "geographic and political significance to the United States"
was brought to the fore in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks, an American-Statesman editorial says. Due to government
corruption, providing aid to Africa is "risky and should not be given
without strict accountability," the editorial says. Therefore, Bush and
Congress must ensure that funds are used for their intended purposes and
that they "follow through with promises for $3 billion in AIDS funding for
the next year," the editorial concludes (Austin American-Statesman, 7/8).

* Chicago Tribune: "Africa has enormous resources and enormous problems,
[and] [i]t cannot hope to thrive when so many [of its] nations are wracked
by war, despotic rule and stunning HIV/AIDS rates," a Tribune editorial
says. Africans are "rightly ... skeptical" of Bush's promises of help in
light of the "little [Africa has] to show" for a similar trip by former
President Bill Clinton five years ago, the Tribune says. Bush should be
"proud" of his commitment to Africa in his global AIDS bill but should be
"wary of going to Africa and offering empty gift boxes," as the
administration and Congress "are already scaling down the president's
commitments for 2004," the editorial concludes (Chicago Tribune, 7/8).

* Kansas City Star: Bush's $15 billion AIDS initiative and $10 billion
Millennium Challenge Act "can bring about positive change" for the
continent, a Star editorial says. "[E]ven while Bush is in Africa,
Congress may whittle down the funding for each of these worthwhile
programs," the editorial says. Although Bush can offer "political and
economic support for the people of Africa, [h]e also should be prepared to
listen to the voices of a continent often ignored in America's foreign
policy debates," the Star concludes (Kansas City Star, 7/8).

* Los Angeles Times: Bush's trip to Africa "shows just how much the
president's perspective has changed" since his campaign during which he
stated that Africa "doesn't fit into the national strategic interests, as
far as I can see them," a Los Angeles Times editorial states. "Critics of
the administration -- and wary Africans -- would be wrong to cynically
dismiss the president's [AIDS initiative] as a ploy to win Africa's support
for the war against terror," according to the Times. While the interest in
showing the international community the nation's compassionate side is
clearly present, "increasing aid to Africa is also a moral imperative," the
editorial says. The campaign has both "strategic and humanitarian
importance" and therefore deserves more funding than the $450 million
Congress has allocated so far, the editorial concludes (Los Angeles Times,
7/8).

* San Francisco Chronicle: While Bush is "taking on a major challenge" in
his visit to Africa this week, his AIDS initiative will be closely watched,
as Congress may cut funding and "existing AIDS programs may be sidestepped
by U.S. plans," a Chronicle editorial says. "[T]rouble spots to watch"
include plans to use more costly patented antiretroviral drugs instead of
generics, siphon off treatment funds to use for research and use sexual
abstinence programs to replace family planning programs, according to the
editorial. While these possibilities may be a concern, "they are no reason
to oppose the president's intentions or his trip," the editorial concludes
(San Francisco Chronicle, 7/8).

________________________________________

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