How 6,000 Tons of Radioactive Sand from Kuwait Ended Up in Idaho

By Penny Coleman, AlterNet. Posted September 17, 2008.

Questions remain about how depleted uranium waste from the first Gulf War was transfered, and whether health risks were posed.

 

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On April 26, 2008, the BBC Alabama arrived in Longview, Washington carrying 6700 tons of Kuwaiti sand. The sand had become contaminated with depleted uranium when U.S. military vehicles and munitions caught fire at Doha Army base in Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War. The depleted uranium was being repatriated. The sand was a gift of the Kuwaiti government.

So was the cost of repatriation. Neither government will discuss just how much the tab was.

Mike Wilcox, vice president of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union local 21, told the Longview Daily News that initially he had been "concerned about the safety of longshoremen and the entire community when he heard a shipment of depleted uranium was coming into Longview."

But the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission determined that the sand contained "unimportant quantities" of radioactive material, and officials from the Department of Health would be available to test radiation levels--just in case any of the sand spilled.

At the last minute, the Army notified port authorities that tests had revealed that the sand was also contaminated with lead--in fact 4 times more lead than EPA's limit for hazardous materials. Transshipment was delayed for a few days awaiting a green light from the EPA.

Mike Wilcox told the Daily News he hoped it would be a one-time thing.

Over the next month, longshoremen loaded 160 containers onto rail cars bound for an Idaho-based waste disposal site owned by a company called American Ecology. When the sand arrived at the Idaho site, the company did its own tests and, as Chad Hyslop, project director for American Ecology, told the Daily News, "found no hazardous levels of lead."

Doug Rokke, who quit his job directing the clean-up of radioactive battlefields for the Army, contacted American Ecology and discovered "that they had absolutely no knowledge of U.S. Army Regulation 700-48, U.S. Army PAM 700-48, U.S. Army Technical Bulletin 9-1300-278, and all of the medical orders dealing with depleted uranium contamination, environmental remediation procedures, safety, and medical care."

Hazardous materials storage has become a lucrative and growing business, especially since Donald Rumsfeld began implementing his plans for a sleek new "global cavalry" capable of swift and lethal response from strategically placed "frontier stockades" to punish bad guys whenever and wherever they have been bad. According to the Pentagon's annual "Base Structure Report,” which itemizes its foreign and domestic military real estate, DoD currently operates over 800 such bases around the world; 5311 if you count the ones in American territories and on the U.S. mainland; probably well over 6000 if you count the ones, like Doha in Kuwait, that for some reason didn't make the list. (Similarly omitted are all US bases in Iraq, Afghanistan, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Qatar, and Uzbekistan.)

Rumsfeld, coyly switching metaphors, referred to them as "lily pads," which is about as convincing a euphemism as "American Ecology." Lily pads may sound greener and friendlier than, say, "footprint," which makes one at least think of boot heels, but it is safe to assume--because there has never been an exception--that every one of those bases is an environmental disaster area. The American military is the most profligate polluter on the planet.

The Thule base in Greenland, for example, was sort of a pioneer lily pad. In the 40's, it was a convenient hop, skip and a bomber run to Berlin, and later it was part of the cold-war surveillance network. In 1953, the US Navy sailed into Thule Harbor and informed the local Inughuit community that they had 48 hours to leave. Sorry for the inconvenience, folks, but there are houses 100 miles north of here with your names on them. We promise.

"Everyone packed what they could on their dogsleds and set off north across the ice," remembers Aron Qaavigaq, who was 12 at the time. "After a while, my father stopped and looked back. He and my mother were crying... We were young and very excited to be going somewhere new. But they kept crying, so we knew there was something wrong."

There were no houses. Qaavigaq and his family spent the winter in tents 695 miles north of the Arctic Circle. The hunting and fishing was lousy and now the ice is melting. After 55 years, Qaavigaq and the rest of the Inughuit still want to go home. But first they want the US to clean up the mess they have made: thousands of barrels of toxic chemistry, rubbish heaps, electrical equipment contaminated with PCBs, and one whole hydrogen bomb -- serial number 78252 -- which was never recovered when a B-52 crashed on landing in 1968.

Unfortunately, unlike the Emir of Kuwait, the Inughuits are poor and not very many of them survived the transplant. In a deal struck with the Danish government in 2003, the Bush Administration agreed to return the original Inughuit community land in return for continued use of the base.

But they insist they are not responsible for any clean up. "They said if they were to clean up after themselves at Thule, then they would be met by similar demands in the Philippines, Japan, and elsewhere in the world," Svend Auken, Denmark's former minister of the environment, told the Christian Science Monitor in August. "They didn't want to set that precedent." CSM also quotes Cheryl Irwin, a spokeswoman for the Secretary of Defense, opining that clean-up costs "reflected a shared burden with our host nation for our contribution for defense of the free world." The United States has, however, agreed to forego "any claims for residual value of improvements made while there."

There is a growing resistance to the omnipresence of US military installations around the world. The coalition, though practically invisible in the US, is very evident elsewhere. NOBASES seeks "an end to military domination and intimidation and an end to the social, environmental and economic consequences of these bases in the host countries." The coalition has recently organized massive demonstrations in Italy, Poland, the Czech Republic and elsewhere, and though few have ultimately been successful, they have made acquiescing to American military expansion an increasingly expensive political choice for foreign leaders.

Here at home in Idaho, however, raping the land is cheap. American Ecology supplies the lubricant and Idaho's Republican officials bend over. Senators Crapo and Craig, Reps Simpson and Sali, Governor Butch Otter and Lt. Governor Jim Risch have all benefited from American Ecology's generosity.

In the first quarter of 2008, American Ecology reported a record disposal volume and a $13.4 million profit, a 17% increase over the same quarter last year.

Asked if the sand was dangerous, Hyslop said, "It's not something you want laying around in Kuwait." So, send it to Idaho instead!

If American Ecology was really thinking outside the litter box, they'd be supporting the NOBASES effort to repatriate all our military’s leavings.

See more stories tagged with: military bases, kuwait

Penny Coleman is the widow of a Vietnam Veteran who took his own life after coming home. Her latest book, Flashback: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Suicide and the Lessons of War, was released on Memorial Day, 2006. Her website is Flashback.

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