What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening, neurological
disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or
antipsychotic drugs. Symptoms include high fever, sweating, unstable
blood pressure, stupor, muscular rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction. In
most cases, the disorder develops within the first 2 weeks of treatment
with the drug; however, the disorder may develop any time during the
therapy period. The syndrome can also occur in people taking
anti-Parkinsonism drugs known as dopaminergics if those drugs are
discontinued abruptly.

Is there any treatment?


Generally, intensive care is needed. The neuroleptic or antipsychotic
drug is discontinued, and the fever is treated aggressively. A muscle
relaxant may be prescribed. Dopaminergic drugs, such as a dopamine
agonist, have been reported to be useful.

What is the prognosis?


Early identification of and treatment for individuals with neuroleptic
malignant syndrome improves outcome. If clinically indicated, a low
potency neuroleptic can be reintroduced very slowly when the individual
recovers, although there is a risk that the syndrome might recur.
Another alternative is to substitute another class of drugs for the
neuroleptic. Anesthesia may be a risk to individuals who have
experienced neuroleptic malignant syndrome.





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